With efforts paid by the international community to protect human rights, some area and effective factors in accomplishing human rights have been recognized. Right to highest attainable standards of health that called as the right to health is one of the recognized human rights that its importance has been emphasized on by Human Rights Instruments. Individual health has been counted as one of t...

Background and aim: According to the theory of Multiple Modernities, Western modernity is reinterpreted in non-Western cultures and civilizations, and it paves the way for the creation of diverse modernities in different cultures. Since the confrontation with the modern West, the Iranian elites have tried to present an Iranian and Islamic interpretation of various elements of Western modernity....

The relationship between “rights” and “obligations” is one of an inseparable nature. In the same way that “human rights” are perceived as being distinct from “citizenship rights”, “duties” and “obligations” of individuals as human beings are distinguishable from their obligations as citizens. The present paper presupposes the ties between rights and obligations to apply to any individual and “s...

In the area of citizenship rights studies people living with HIV/AIDS constitute a range of citizens who are deprived of the status of which every citizens deserves because of undue social stigma as infected or immoral people. In the view of traditional believe and negative perceptions about people living with HIV/AIDS penetrated to other citizens minds and putting together with the factors led...