Contaminants of emerging concern, or CECs, can be broadly defined as chemicals that have been recently detected in the environment and that may pose public health or ecological risks. CECs encompass a wide variety of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and household chemicals. Many CECs differ from conventional environmental contaminants such as pesticides, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (P...

BACKGROUND A T-piece resuscitator (TPR) uses a built-in manometer to set the inflation pressures, but we are not informed what pressures are actually delivered distally. Aim of this study was to measure the proximal and distal pressures under different gas conditions when using a TPR. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS A test lung was ventilated using a TPR (PIP 25 cmH₂O, PEEP 5 cmH₂O) with a gas flow rate...

Phase angle shift between the current and voltage with frequency has been reported for a single phosphoric acid fuel cell in the cell temperature from 100 °C to 160 °C and the humidifier temperature from 40 °C to 90 °C. An electrochemical workbench is employed to find the shift. The figure of phase angle shift shows a peak in high humidifier temperatures. The peak in phase angle shift directs t...

The effects of smoking on the development of work related asthma and on the production of specific IgE and IgG antibodies to antigen from a contaminated humidifier are described for a sample of 258 workers from a printing factory. Current smoking was associated with low production of IgG antibody but with higher production of IgE antibody. No dose response for either antibody was found when num...

Results IHD (not suicide) was the majorcause of excessmortalityin psychiatric patients.In contrastto the rate inthe generalpopulation, the IHS mortalityrate inpsychiatric patients did notdiminish over time.Therewas little difference inhospital admissionrates for IHD betweenpsychiatric patients and the general community, butmuch lower rates of revascularisationprocedureswith psychiatric patients...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether adolescent health and well-being are associated with having a pet in the household (any pet, or specifically dogs, cats or horses/ponies) or average daily time spent caring for/playing with pet(s). METHODS Design, setting and participants--Cross-sectional data from the third wave of the Health of Young Victorians Study (HOYVS), a school-based population study in...

Most US consumers are charged a near-constant retail price for electricity, despite substantial hourly variation in the wholesale market price. This paper evaluates the …rst program to expose residential consumers to hourly real-time pricing (RTP). I …nd that enrolled households are statistically signi…cantly price elastic and that consumers responded by conserving energy during peak hours, but...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper shows that increasing government social expenditur...

In the United States a century ago, children's labor earnings were considered the property of their parents. Working children turned over most of the contents their pay envelopes to their parents. Accordingly, surveys of household budgets conducted during the period, as well as most subsequent analyses of these surveys by historians, treat children's income as simply part of family income. But ...