objectives: the authors of this paper hypothesized that vibration stimulation applied by a vibratory orthosis improves balance in patients with parkinson’s disease (pd). in this study we evaluate this hypothesis. methods & materials: fourteen pd patients (12 male and 2 female) with mean age of 59.9±9.1 (±sd) years were participated in this cross- sectional study. using biodex balance system, th...

In everyday life, eye movements enable the eyes to gather the information required for motor actions. They are thus proactive, anticipating actions rather than just responding to stimuli. This means that the oculomotor system needs to know where to look and what to look for. Using examples from table tennis, driving and music reading we show that the information the eye movement system requires...

The eye’s pupils constrict (shrink) in brightness and dilate (expand) in darkness. The pupillary light response was historically considered a low-level reflex without any cognitive component. Here, we review recent studies that have dramatically changed this view: The light response depends not only on a stimulus’s brightness but also on whether you are aware of the stimulus, whether you are pa...

The functional parameters of blood vessels and platelets are great biological importance throughout the life animal. Their activity is designed to provide necessary level rheological properties in small medium caliber. In work carried out cows during pregnancy, a decrease sensitivity stimulators platelet was revealed. This, apparently, leads them pregnancy curb adhesion aggregation platelets. A...

Many of our actions require visual information, and for this it is important to direct the eyes to the right place at the right time. Two or three times every second, we must decide both when and where to direct our gaze. Understanding these decisions can reveal the moment-to-moment information priorities of the visual system and the strategies for information sampling employed by the brain to ...

one of the dangerous complications of cataract extractions is vitreous loss. the purpose of this stuy is to evaluate the incidence of vitreous loss and its sepuale while teaching residents at rasoul akram hospital in iran. this study has been conducted on existing records of 730 eyes which were subjectd to extracapsular cataract extractions by 3rd and 4th year, right handed resident of rasoul a...

The eye's pupils constrict (shrink) in brightness and dilate (expand) in darkness. The pupillary light response was historically considered a low-level reflex without any cognitive component. Here, we review recent studies that have dramatically changed this view: The light response depends not only on a stimulus's brightness but also on whether you are aware of the stimulus, whether you are pa...