The primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators and non-cooperators were utilized for the study. The active mean age of 42 years and married female rural households with seco...

How can rural hospitals continue to attract physicians to their facilities? For most rural hospitals, the number of dollars they spend in medical education equates to the number of physicians they are able to retain on staff. What will be the cost to the consumer versus the physicians if the shortage is not addressed and corrected?

This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the RNFE invariant at the micro level. We have found that rural residents in Tajikistan are mostly pushed ...

An analysis of 382 patients, aged 12 and over, admitted to the infectious disease ward of Amin Hospital in Isfahan over a 20 year period with clinically diagnosed tetanus is reported. The study comprised 297 patients, 77.7% from rural areas and 85(22.3%) from the city of Isfahan. The male- female ratio for both groups was approximately 2:1. Rural patients were younger and showed a lower cr...

High 71 1 11 FEMALE-ONLY CLASSES IN A RURAL CONTEXT to the single-gender placements. Future research on the effectiveness of single-gender classrooms in rural contexts could address these concerns, as well as measure long-term effects of the intervention over the course of many years.

Collective Action and Agroindustries Two fundamental global economic tendencies have caused a shift in interest towards promoting rural agroenterprises and agroindustrialization to combat rural poverty. Increasing income levels and demographic changes, i.e. increased female labor force participation, has fueled demand for high-value and processed products. Structural adjustment and liberalizaCo...

CONTEXT A 75-year-old female presented to a rural hospital with prolonged delirium, and the diagnosis was idiopathic pituitary insufficiency. ISSUE Delirium is a common medical presentation but diagnostic pathways can be challenging in rural practice. LESSONS LEARNED Delirium can be reversible if a treatable aetiology is detected.

BACKGROUND Rural-to-urban migrant women may be vulnerable to smoking initiation as they are newly exposed to risk factors in the urban environment. We sought to identify correlates of smoking among rural-to-urban migrant women in China. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cross-sectional survey of rural-to-urban migrant women working in restaurants and hotels (RHW) and those working as commercial se...