Five lumped, conceptual rainfall-runoff models are calibrated for 240 gauged catchments in southeastern Australia. Climate input to the models is distributed at ~25 km grid cells and the catchments range in size from 50 to 2000 km. Each of the models is calibrated on each of the 240 catchments. Each catchment is then simulated using parameters sets calibrated for the nearest neighbouring catchm...

Spatial variability plays an important role in nonlinear hydrologic processes. Due to the limitation of computational efficiency and data resolution, subgrid variability is usually assumed to be uniform for most grid-based rainfall-runoff models, which leads to the scale-dependence of model performances. In this paper, the scale effect on the Grid-Xinanjiang model was examined. The bias of the ...

Purpose of the Review This review discusses the role that meltwater plays within the Greenland ice sheet system. The ice sheet’s hydrology is important because it affects mass balance through its impact on meltwater runoff processes and ice dynamics. The review considers recent advances in our understanding of the storage and routing of water through the supraglacial, englacial, and subglacial ...

Rainfall-runoff models are used for various applications, ranging from the estimation of catchment water yield to the estimation of land use and climate change impacts on runoff characteristics. Most rainfall-runoff models can be calibrated successfully to reproduce the recorded runoff, however it is difficult to determine appropriate parameter values to use for modelling runoff in an ungauged ...

A monthly rainfall-runoff model was calibrated for a large tropical catchment in southern India. Various land-use and climatic change scenarios were tested to assess their effects on mean annual runoff and assured water yield at the Bhavanisagar Reservoir in Tamil Nadu, India. The largest increase in runoff (19%) came from converting forest and savanna (the indigenous control scenario) to agric...

The occurrence of permafrost in a highly permeable catchment has a profound effect on runoff generation. The presence of permafrost effectively makes the subsoil impermeable. Therefore, overland flow can be the dominant runoff-generating process during periglacial conditions. The absence of permafrost will promote subsurface drainage and, therefore, saturation excess overland flow can become th...

Concern over eutrophication has directed attention to manure management effects on phosphorus (P) loss in runoff. This study evaluates the effects of manure application rate and type on runoff P concentrations from two, acidic agricultural soils over successive runoff events. Soils were packed into 100- x 20- x 5-cm runoff boxes and broadcast with three manures (dairy, Bos taurus, layer poultry...

The identification of runoff contributing areas would provide the ideal focal points for water quality monitoring and Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation. The objective of this study was to use a field-scale approach to delineate critical runoff source areas and to determine the runoff mechanisms in a pasture hillslope of the Ozark Highlands in the USA. Three adjacent hillslope plots ...

The 400,000 km Volta Basin is an international basin covering almost 28% of the West Coast. Basin of Africa. It extends from longitude 5 30 W to 2 00E and from latitude 5 30 N to 14 30 N and is shared by the six West African countries Benin, Togo, Ghana, La Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Mali. The water resources of this basin are under severe stress due to both human and natural causes. High ...

[1] Microtopography, consisting of small‐scale excursions in the elevation of the land surface on millimeter to centimeter scales, is ubiquitous on hillslopes, but its effects are rarely incorporated into hydrological analyses of rainfall‐runoff partitioning. To progress toward a hydrological theory that accounts for microtopography, two research questions are considered: (1) Does microtopograp...