For more than a decade, it has been apparent that apoptosis and other forms of cell death are often controlled at one or more crucial steps involving the mitochondria. Recent findings, including an elegant investigation in a recent issue of Cell (Hao et al., 2005), have helped to elucidate fundamental aspects of this involvement while raising puzzling new questions about mitochondrial routes to...

INTERVENTION Four brands of moist snuff and a non-tobacco mint snuff were tested. Subjects reported to the laboratory for five experimental sessions. After baseline measurement of dependent variables, each subject placed 2 g of one of the brands of snuff (or one Skoal Bandits pouch) between the cheek and gum for 30 minutes. The subjects remained in the experimental laboratory for an additional ...

Objective—To examine the eVects of four brands of commercially available moist snuV and non-tobacco mint “snuV” on plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective measures. Intervention—Four brands of moist snuV and a non-tobacco mint snuV were tested. Subjects reported to the laboratory for five experimental sessions. After baseline measurement of dependent variables,...

use of the double ring infiltrometer to measure soil water infiltration in center pivot irrigation systems is not an accurate approach; because the real conditions of infiltration under center pivot sprinklers is different from what happens in the double ring. in this study, the infiltration parameters were determined under real conditions of a center pivot system. for this purpose, a single ri...

Many authors claim that students’ attention declines approximately 10 to 15 min into lectures. To evaluate this claim, we reviewed several types of studies including studies of student note taking, observations of students during lectures, and self-reports of student attention, as well as studies using physiological measures of attention. We found that the research on which this estimate is bas...

nowadays protecting land cover, quality and quantity of water resources are important. surface runoff is one of most important reasons of soil erosion which causes sediment in reservoirs and reduction of land’s fertility and also quality reduction water of rivers. so the main issue is exact prediction of basin runoff to raining events. the hydrologic models are simplified models of real hydrolo...

The composite diazotization coupling reaction of sulfanilic acid and N, Ndimethylaniline was used for the precise, accurate, and rapid determination of trace amounts of nitrite ion (0.02-3 µg/ml). The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of the produced methyl orange at 510 nm by a fixed the method of 5.0 minutes. The relative standard deviation for the...