Problem statement: Dried tomato pomace may be considered as an alternative feedstuff in ruminant nutrition. The limited literature data that are available so far may be interpreted as indirect and suggestive evidence for diminished ruminal fermentation and bacterial synthesis after substitution of dried tomato pomace for soybean meal. Approach: Rumen-fistulated beef steers were used to address ...

Previous research suggested that crude protein (CP) from canola meal (CM) was used more efficiently than CP from solvent soybean meal (SBM) by lactating dairy cows. We tested whether dietary CP content influenced relative effectiveness of equal supplemental CP from either CM or SBM. Fifty lactating Holstein cows were blocked by parity and days in milk into 10 squares (2 squares with ruminal can...

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of polyurethane coated urea on in vitro ruminal fermentation, ammonia release dynamics and lactating performance of Holstein dairy cows fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. In Exp. 1, a dual-flow continuous culture was run to investigate the effect of polyurethane coated urea on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and ...

Tannins in forages complex with protein and reduce the availability of nitrogen to ruminants. Ruminal bacteria that ferment protein or peptides in the presence of tannins may benefit digestion of these diets. Bacteria from the rumina of sheep and goats fed Calliandra calothyrsus (3.6% N and 6% condensed tannin) were isolated on proteinaceous agar medium overlaid with either condensed (calliandr...

To maximize digestion by cattle, ruminal microbes require adequate nourishment. For cattle consuming poor-quality forages, nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that is typically most limiting for the microbes (Köster et al., 1996). The total amount of N required by the microbes would minimally be the amount of microbial N flowing from the rumen and to the small intestine, but an additional amount of N ...

Diaryliodonium chemicals increased nitrogen (N) absorption, utilization of absorbed N and N retention in growing steers. Fifty parts per million of the chemicals (diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium bromide, 4,4'-difluorodiphenyliodonium chloride or 4,4'-dimethyldiphenyliodonium chloride) in the diet appeared sufficient to promote significant (P less than .05 or .10) improvements in N u...

Effects of increasing level of field pea (variety: Profi) on intake, digestion, microbial efficiency, and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in beef steers fed growing diets. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated crossbred beef steers (367+/-48 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square. The control diet consisted of 50% corn, 23% corn silage, 23% alfalfa hay, and 4% supplement (DM ba...

Our objectives were to determine effects of grain processing on splanchnic (gut tissues and liver) N metabolism and whole-body N balance by growing steers and to ascertain the relative contributions of ruminal and intestinal tissues to net absorption and utilization of N-containing nutrients. Seven beef steers (348 kg initial BW), surgically implanted with appropriate catheters, were fed diets ...

Several criteria are used for determining the acceptability of whole cottonseed (WCS) for crushing including concentrations of moisture, oil, free fatty acids in the oil (FFA), and ammonia. Whole cottonseed that does not meet the minimum standard is typically sold as a feed ingredient. When tropical storms delay cotton harvest and the moisture remain elevated, concentrations of FFA increase. Fe...

Because of the extensive hydrolysis of dietary proteins in the rumen and the attendant wastage of nitrogen which is absorbed as ammonia across the rumen wall and excreted as urea in the urine, the ruminal synthesis of bacterial and protozoal proteins has a special importance in the nutrition of the ruminant. This paper considers the factors influencing microbial protein synthesis in simple in v...