The objective of this study was to compare in situ and in vitro methods for determining rate and extent of forage digestion in the rumen of beef cattle. Duplicate polyester (10 × 20 mm) or ANKOM F57 filter bags containing 5.0 or 0.5 g of ground (2mm) bromegrass hay, respectively, were incubated in situ or in vitro (ANKOM Daisy Incubator) for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, and 96 hours. Bags were ...

Two tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids (HM4) and the other a typical association of Kentucky 31 tall fescue and the wild-type endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum; E+), were autumn-stockpiled following late-summer clipping and fer...

introduction: pragmates australis (pa) (common reed) is a riverside perennial grass found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. pa grows in many wetlands around rivers in iran. animal feed restriction is the main problem of iranian animal production systems and this feed resource can be fed to native livestock especially in rural areas. ensiling pa could improve it...

Forage proteins are degraded rapidly by rumen microorganisms and therefore supply relatively small quantities of undegraded intake protein (UIP). Growing cattle with high metabolizable protein requirements and lactating beef and dairy cows respond to UIP supplementation when fed high-forage diets, even though degradable intake protein (DIP) is adequate. This observation suggests that an accurat...

Aim of the study: The effects forage source (alfalfa hay; AH vs. wheat straw; WS) with rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratio [low (LR) = 28:72; high (HR) 36:64] were evaluated in young dairy calves.Area Arak, Iran.Material and methods: Forty-eight 3-d old female Holstein calves (44.5 kg BW) allocated four treatments: (1) low dietary RUP:RDP (AH-LR); (2) (AH-HR); (3) WS (WS-LR); (4) (WS...

Chilling of whole rumen contents prior to preparation of strained rumen fluid enriched with particle-associated microorganisms resulted in rumen inoculum with the highest microbial dry weight, total bacterial counts, and degradation rates for casein and soybean meal. Strained rumen fluid, whole rumen contents blended with strained rumen fluid, chilled strained rumen fluid, and strained rumen fl...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of balancing low protein diets for methionine and lysine on performance of early lactation holstein cows under hot environmental temperature. twenty one multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were allocated to three experimental rations including, 1) high protein ration with 17.5% cp, 2) medium protein ration with 16% cp and 12 g/d rumen p...

The objectives of this study were to describe the relationships between milk urea concentrations and nutritional management, production, and economic variables in commercial dairy herds. Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) test-day milk urea data, production data, and information on ration nutrient composition and feeding management programs were collected over a 13-mo period from 53 commercial Ontari...