The development of the rumen digestive functions was studied in lambs placed in sterile isolators at 1, 4, 8 or 9 days of age to define the role of the bacterial species that colonize the rumen just after birth. The values of the main rumen digestive parameters (pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acid, ammonia, lactic acid) in these lambs were close to those observed in conventional controls....

S TUDIES by Appleby et al. (1956), Gutierrez and tlungate (1957), Eadie et al. (1959) and Eadie and Hollson (1962) indicated that ciliate protozoa normally inhabiting the rumen exerted considerable influence upon end products of rumen fermentation and upon tureen bacterial populations. The full significance of protozoa to the nutrition of cattle and sheep is not clear. However, Christiansen et ...

The manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to improve animal productivity and lessen environmental impacts has been a research goal for many decades. Impediments to a targeted manipulation of the rumen have included a lack of knowledge of the diversity of the rumen microbial population as well as a lack of methods to thoroughly evaluate microbial changes. Molecular based studies of the r...

1. The contribution of dietary constituents to the large urinary output of benzoic acid characteristic of ruminants and some herbivores is not well understood. 2. Methods for the analysis of quinic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic, phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropionic and cinnamic acids in urine and in rumen fluids were developed. 3. The urinary output of aromatic acids by sheep given seven-rations w...

Mathematical modeling techniques have been applied to study various aspects of the ruminant, such as rumen function, postabsorptive metabolism, and product composition. This review focuses on advances made in modeling rumen fermentation and its associated rumen disorders, and energy and nutrient utilization and excretion with respect to environmental issues. Accurate prediction of fermentation ...

Absorption of the lower fatty acids occurs directly from the rumen of sheep, in which organ they are produced as a result of bacterial fermentation. Previous work on this subject, in which the pH of the rumen was not controlled (Barcroft, McAnally & Phillipson, 1944), showed that: (a) The quantity of acid absorbed is substantial. (b) The rate of absorption from the normally filled rumen bears n...

The effects of direct-cut and wilted silage with or without rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation on rumen fermentation and digesta passage rates were studied in a 4 4 balanced Latin square experiment with four multiparous cows. The dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities of silages were determined in sacco. RSM supplementation replaced 16% of the oat±barley concentrate mixture. Th...

A growth factor present in rumen fluid and essential for growth of a rumen strain of Methanobacterium ruminantium was shown to be coenzyme M, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid.

Approa h y Qingsong Lu, Yan Huang, Shashi Shekhar Department of Computer S ien e, University of Minnesota 200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 [lqingson; huangyan; shekhar℄ s.umn.edu February 10, 2003 Abstra t Eva uation planning is riti al for appli ations su h as disaster management and homeland defense preparation. EÆ ient tools are needed to produ e eva uation plans to eva uate population...

Twelve Suffolk×Small-tail-Han male sheep (body weight 21-26 kg), aged four months, were used to study the effects of volatile fatty acids (VFA) on IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I) , IGFBP-3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3), GH (growth hormone), insulin and glucagon in plasma, and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in different tissues. The sheep were randomly divided into four groups with 3 sh...