Ruminants have a unique ability to derive energy from the degradation of plant polysaccharides through the activity of the rumen microbiota. Although this process is well studied in vitro, knowledge gaps remain regarding the relative contribution of the microbiota members and enzymes in vivo. The present study used RNA-sequencing to reveal both the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-acti...

The objective of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity, during the storage period, of animal feed and any effects on in vitro rumen digestion by supplementing different levels (5.55, 11.1, and 22.2 g/kg) of freeze dried citrus peel (FDCP) to the feed compared to untreated feed and feed treated with an antifungal agent (AA) at 0.05 g/kg. In a preservation test, feed supplemented w...

The digestion and utilization of roughage by sheep depends on rumen digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbe quantity and fermentative efficiency of rumen supplement with molasses-urea. This experiment was conducted in 2014, eight sheep were selected and divided into two groups (a control group and a treatment group), and only the treatment group animals were supplied with m...

Red deer, Cervus elaphus, like other temperate-zone animals, show a large seasonal fluctuation in energy intake and expenditure. Many seasonal phenotypic adjustments are coordinated by endogenous signals entrained to the photoperiod. The cues determining variation in the resting metabolism of ungulates remain equivocal, however, largely because of the confounding effects of food intake and thus...

Although the nature of ruminant evolution is still disputed, current theory based on physiology and genetic analysis suggests that the abomasum is the evolutionarily oldest stomach compartment, the rumen evolved some time after the abomasum, and the omasum is the evolutionarily youngest stomach compartment. In addition, there is some evidence of relaxed selective constraint in the stomach-like ...

1. Sheep were fed on different diets of juice-extracted herbage to determine what effect juice-extraction had on reticulo-rumen motility. 2. The frequency of A and B sequences of contraction of the reticulo-rumen were recorded during eating, rumination and inactivity for continuous periods of 24-72 h by using integrated electromyograms obtained from electrodes implanted in the musculature of th...

this study was conducted to compare digestibility of wheat straw (ws) by fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (wrm). dry matter (dm), neutral and acid detergent fiber (ndf and adf) digestibility of ws were compared with in vitro digestion (ivd), gas production (gp) and specific rumen anaerobic fungi culture (srafc). dry matter, ndf and adf digestibility of ws by wrm of buffalo (60.80, 49.93 and...

Proteins and peptides were acetylated using acetic anhydride in order to block their N-terminal amino groups and thereby to prevent their hydrolysis by rumen microbial aminopeptidases. The effects of acetylation on peptide breakdown and ammonia production were determined by incubating unmodified and acetylated substrates with sheep rumen micro-organisms in vitro. Ammonia production from casein ...

Effects of supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells on fiber-degrading activity and cell growth of Ruminococcus albus (R. albus, strain 7) was tested using a basal substrate of rice straw and formulated concentrate. Cultures of R. albus alone and R. albus with rumen protozoa were grown at 39C for 48 h with an 8.4% crude protein (CP) substrate, 33% of the CP supplemented with either rumina...

1. The effects of a methane inhibitor, ICI 111075, and a propionate enhancer, monensin, were studied using in vitro continuous fermenters. 2. Both compounds increased the yield of substrate energy, carbon and hydrogen in volatile fatty acids (VFA). This was mainly due to an increase in the molar proportion of propionic acid. 3. Improved yields of VFA were accompanied by reductions in methane pr...