This paper surveys classical Jewish texts--from the Hebrew Bible through Medieval codes--regarding the concept and practice of Bikkur Holim, literally, "the sick visit." How does this literature understand this ethical, religious act; who are the practitioners; what are their objectives? Although the Hebrew Bible does not contain a biblical precedent or legal mandate for Bikkur Holim, various c...

This article explores the articulation of a novel forensic object-the 'crime scene'-and its corresponding expert-the investigating officer. Through a detailed engagement with the work of the late nineteenth-century Austrian jurist and criminalist Hans Gross, it analyses the dynamic and reflexive nature of this model of 'CSI', emphasising the material, physical, psychological and instrumental me...

This paper reviews the standpoints of Muslim jurists within the Sunni tradition on organ transplantation. Muslim jurists allowed different forms of bone grafts (autograft, allograft and xenograft) for widely broken bones. Ibn Sina in 1037 discussed this subject in Al-Kanoon 1000 years ago. In 1959, the Muftis of Egypt and Tunisia allowed, under specific conditions, corneal transplants from dead...

designing an effective criterion for selecting the best rule is a major problem in theprocess of implementing fuzzy learning classifier (flc) systems. conventionally confidenceand support or combined measures of these are used as criteria for fuzzy rule evaluation. in thispaper new entities namely precision and recall from the field of information retrieval (ir)systems is adapted as alternative...

At the end of November 1914 Lord Moulton (1844-1921) became the director of explosives production in the War Office. A 70-year-old jurist may seem an extraordinary choice, but he was an extraordinary man. He was Senior Wrangler at Cambridge, was elected to the Royal Society for research on electricity, and learned about chemistry as a barrister for dye and explosives manufacturers. He assembled...

in order to study the political, social, and economical circumstances of the first century of the rise islam, it is necessary to survey about the characters of that period, particularly the characters whose family or themselves had key roles in the events of that period. one of such figures is abd al-rahman ibn-e ashaas. the most important event in his life was his riot against hadjaj in the er...

  Background: The rule "anyone who has the power over things" is one of the legal rules that the jurists of Islam have been referring to for more than a thousand years and it is very useful in trials and even administrative authorities. It is also one of the most important and practical rules in civil and jurisprudential law because it is closely related to confession, which is one of the main...