BACKGROUND Miscarriage is a common phenomenon complicating more than half of pregnancies. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as three or more pregnancies lost before the twentieth week of gestation. It is believed that abnormality in maternal immune reaction to fetus and sharing of HLA antigens might be associated with RPL. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of HLA-DRB1 sharing betwee...

Background: Mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes are essential components of protein biosynthesis. These genes are hotspots for mutations. These mutations are associated with a wide spectrum of human disease. Many genetic factors are known in assessment of repeated pregnancy loss (RPL). Objective: The aim of this study was analysis of tRNA Thr and tRNA Pro in women with RPL. Materials and M...

HLA-G is a nonclassical, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene that exhibits immunomodulatory properties and likely plays a role in the maintenance of successful pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the role of HLA-G polymorphisms on risk for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and on circulating levels of soluble (s)HLA-G in Iraqi women. DNA and plasma were obtained from blood sa...

BACKGROUND The p53 tumour suppressor gene is a well-known factor regulating apoptosis in a wide variety of cells. Alterations in the p53 gene are among the most common genetic changes in human cancers. Several polymorphisms of the p53 tumour suppressor gene have been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). AIMS To evaluate the association of polymorphisms p53 codon 72 with the respons...

BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is still unknown in 50% of the cases. Herein we measure the expression of beta3 integrin subunit, a well-known implantation marker, in women with or without RPL and correlate it with the histological dating of the endometrial tissue. METHODS LH-timed endometrial biopsies were obtained from cases (RPL; n = 21, age 33.9+/-4.7) and...

The recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two clinical miscarriages with the same partner before the 20th week of pregnancy, detected either by ultrasonography or histopathologic examination. RPL is an entity with a plethora of etiologies. Although some cases are ascribed to anatomic, parental chromosomal defects as well as thrombophilias or immunologic-endocrin disorders. Nearly in half...

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was proposed for various applications of IPv6 low power wireless networks. While RPL supports various routing metrics and is designed to be suitable for wireless sensor network environments, it does not consider the mobility of nodes. Therefore, there is a need for a method that is energy efficient and that provides stable and rel...

The quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) technique has been increasingly used in endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) research. Usually, an appropriate endogenous control gene is critical for Q-RT-PCR to normalize the errors and sample-to-sample variations that occur in the course of tissue collection, RNA isolation, and RT-PCR. In this study, we cl...

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation. Within this definition is a large and heterogeneous group of patients with many different causes of miscarriage. RPL is a common clinical problem that occurs in approximately 1 % of reproductive-aged women. However, this frequency increases up to 5% when clinician...