Despite almost thirty years of research in the area of telework, the findings regarding outcomes remain equivocal (Bailey and Kurland, 2002). This research in progress hopes to advance understanding by identifying a key mechanism by which telework affects performance, specifically its influence on the social network properties of cohesion, power and structural holes. With knowledge of how the n...

Object-Oriented software structures represent multi-level characteristics. In this paper, two parameters -structural holes and closeness used in complex networks are introduced to study topological characteristics of software networks from multi-granularity perspective. By this method, software networks are observed and analyzed in three levels: package granularity, class granularity and method...

The single vehicle routing problem with multiple routes is a variant of the vehicle routing problem where the vehicle can be dispatched to several routes during its workday to serve a number of customers. In this paper we propose a goal programming model for multi-objective single vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple routes. To solve the model, we present a heuristic method wh...

Goat warble-fly infestation is caused by przhevalskiana silenus (Diptra Oestridae) larvae and it is characterized by the presence of warble under the hide of the back and flanks of the animal. This study was carried out from March 2009 to March 2010 on the hides sent to the khorasn leather industries for grading, processing and tanning. This study demonstrated from 340,797 goat hides e...

In the paper we address the Distance-Constrained Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (DCVRP), where k minimum-cost routes through a central depot have to be constructed so as to cover all customers while satisfying, for each route, both a capacity and a total-distance-travelled limit. Our starting point is the following refinement procedure proposed in 1981 by Sarvanov and Doroshko for the pure...

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN) comes with intrinsic constraints because it is deployed in the aquatic environment and uses the acoustic signals to communicate. The examples of those constraints are long propagation delay, very limited bandwidth, high energy cost for transmission, very high signal attenuation, costly deployment and battery replacement, and so forth. Therefore, the rou...

In capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP), a fleet of vehicles with certain capacity starts at central depot and returns to this starting point after serving some customers by using the optimal set routes minimum cost. However, in real-life, environments may include obstacles such as holes, machines, or trees different sizes. research, CVRP extension is proposed that classical one for vario...

AIMS To examine the effect of a unilateral full thickness macular hole on sensory and motor binocular function and to study recovery after successful surgical closure. METHODS Twenty eight consecutive patients undergoing surgery for a unilateral macular hole underwent orthoptic examination, including measurements of Titmus and TNO stereoacuity and motor fusion range before surgery. Twenty thr...

By studying the changes in employees’ networks and performance before and after the introduction of a social networking tool, I find that a structurally diverse network (low in cohesion and rich in structural holes) has a positive effect on work performance. The size of the effect is smaller than traditional estimates, suggesting that omitted individual characteristics may bias the estimated ne...

Using multimedia sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can significantly enhance the capability of WSNs for event description. Different kinds of holes can easily appear in WSNs. How to efficiently transmit multimedia streaming data and bypass all kinds of holes is a challenging issue. Moreover, some applications do not need WSNs to work for a long lifetime, e.g. monitoring an eruptin...