Participants learned the layout of large-scale "virtual buildings" through extended navigational experience, using "desk-top" (i.e., nonimmersive) virtual environments (VEs). Experiment 1 recreated a study performed in a real building (P. W. Thorndyke & B. Hayes-Roth, 1982). After overcoming initial disorientation, participants ultimately developed near-perfect routefinding abilities. Their abi...

Effective collaboration between planning controller, tactical controller and pilots in handling various uncertainties and hazards is the result of decades of evolutionary development. The forthcoming paradigm shift to Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) requires a similarly effective collaboration between the TBO layer and a tactical layer. Through agent-based modelling and simulation the authors...

Previous studies on inferring the origin of routing changes in the Internet are limited to failure events that generate a large number of routing changes. In this paper, we present a novel approach to origin inference of small failure events. Our scheme focuses on routing changes imposed on preferred paths of prefixes and not on transient paths triggered by path exploration. We first infer the ...