We present an empirical application of multispectral laser scanning for monitoring the seasonal and spatial changes in pine chlorophyll (a+ b) content and upscaling the accurate leaf-level chlorophyll measurements into branch and tree level. The results show the capability of the new instrument for monitoring the changes in the shape and physiology of tree canopy: the spectral indices retrieved...

Intensive management may adversely affect lumber yield and quality by increasing knot size and creating a more conical stem form with a greater average rate of taper. This study was initiated to examine the impact of management on simulated lumber yield and quality. Stem diameter and branch size and location of 223 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) stems ranging in age from 5 t...

In this note we consider the Shabal permutation function P as a block cipher with input Ap,Bp and key C,M and describe a distinguisher with a data complexity of 2 random inputs with a given difference. If the attacker can control one chosen bit of Bp, only 2 21 inputs with a given difference are required on average. This distinguisher does not appear to lead directly to an attack on the full Sh...

The known 3-round distinguisher of Rijndael-256 is byteoriented and 2 plaintexts are needed to distinguish 3-round Rijndael from a random permutation. In this paper, we consider the influence of the order of the plaintexts and present a new 3-round distinguisher which only needs 32 plaintexts.

We analyze how termination charges affect retail prices when taking into account that receivers derive some utility from a call and when firms may charge consumers for receiving calls. We assume that consumers form expectations about network sizes in a passive, but ex-post rational way. We show that RPP enlarges the set of equilibria compared to CPP. For a given termination charge and inelastic...

In this paper we introduce an extension of the well known Rural Postman Problem, which combines arc routing with profits and facility location. Profitable arcs must be selected and facilities must be located at both end-points of the selected arcs, and a tour must be identified that maximizes the difference between the profit collected along the arcs and the cost of traversing the arcs and inst...

In this paper we address branch-and-price algorithms for the unsplittable multicommodity flow problem. This problem is defined over a capacitated network in which we intend to route a set of commodities, each one with a given origin, destination and demand, at minimal cost, without exceeding the arc capacities. Furthermore, the flow of each commodity must be routed using a single path. Formulat...

We consider the daily transportation problem in forestry which arises when transporting logs from forest sites to customers such as sawmills and pulp and paper mills. Each customer requires a specific amount of a certain assortment, and the deliveries to the customers can be made within time intervals, known as time windows. Further, there are a number of supply points, each with a certain asso...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to analyze changes in pulmonary artery size after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. METHODS All 47 patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt between March 1990 and May 1995 who had preoperative and postoperative angiograms available for review were selected for study. This included 24 patients who had also undergone a modified Fontan operation. Clin...

The Maxwell equations and the constitutive relations describe classical propagation of electromagnetic waves in continuous matter. Here, we investigate effects stemming from extended on bi-isotropic bi-anisotropic media using a general approach based evaluation dispersion refractive indices. For media, specify two classes magnetoelectric parameters represented by symmetric antisymmetric tensors...