In this note we consider the Shabal permutation function P as a block cipher with input Ap,Bp and key C,M and describe a distinguisher with a data complexity of 2 random inputs with a given difference. If the attacker can control one chosen bit of Bp, only 2 21 inputs with a given difference are required on average. This distinguisher does not appear to lead directly to an attack on the full Sh...

The known 3-round distinguisher of Rijndael-256 is byteoriented and 2 plaintexts are needed to distinguish 3-round Rijndael from a random permutation. In this paper, we consider the influence of the order of the plaintexts and present a new 3-round distinguisher which only needs 32 plaintexts.

We analyze how termination charges affect retail prices when taking into account that receivers derive some utility from a call and when firms may charge consumers for receiving calls. We assume that consumers form expectations about network sizes in a passive, but ex-post rational way. We show that RPP enlarges the set of equilibria compared to CPP. For a given termination charge and inelastic...

Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate two new classes quaternions, namely, balancing and Lucas-balancing quaternions that are based on numbers, respectively. Further, some identities including Binet’s formulas, summation Catalan’s identity, etc. concerning these also established.

Developing countries often have rich natural resources but poor infrastructure to capitalize on them, which leads to significant challenges in terms of balancing poverty alleviation with conservation. The underlying premise in development strategies is to increase the socio-economic welfare of the people while simultaneously ensuring environmental sustainability, however these objectives are of...

High-performance Placement and Routing for the Nanometer Scale

Over the two last decades, distribution companies have been aware of the importance of paying attention to the all aspects of a distribution system simultaneously to be successful in the global market. These aspects are the economic, the environmental, the social and the safety aspects. In the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) literature, the economic issue has often been used, while the environmen...

the ever severe dynamic competitive environment has led to increasing complexity of strategic decision making in giant organizations. strategy formulation is one of basic processes in achieving long range goals. since, in ordinary methods considering all factors and their significance in accomplishing individual goals are almost impossible. here, a new approach based on clustering method is pro...

Load balancing distributes incoming network traffic across multiple controllers that improve the availability of internet for users. The load is responsible to maintain users in 24 hours by 7 days a week. However, become unavailable since balancer inflexibility, costly, and non-programmable settings adjustment especially managing congestion. An increasing user using mobile devices cloud facilit...