A reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition (RPHI) test was developed for detecting rotavirus antibody in patients' sera. Sheep erythrocytes coated with guinea pig antibody against Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) were readily hemagglutinated by NCDV in a reaction called reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA). Inhibition of this RPHA reaction was used to detect the presence of rotavirus a...

Rotavirus-induced diarrhea is a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and in children in developing countries. We have developed a system for prophylaxis and therapy against rotavirus disease using transgenic rice expressing the neutralizing variable domain of a rotavirus-specific llama heavy-chain antibody fragment (MucoRice-ARP1). MucoRice-ARP1 was produced at high levels ...

This study aimed to verify the relationship between acute diarrhea provoked by rotavirus and different indicators of craniofacial malformations. In the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, 8,724 children with cleft lip and cleft palate were divided into the following groups: acute diarrhea and infection due to rotavirus (C1, n = 62), acute diarrhea (C2, n = 153) and without ac...

Rotavirus infection is the major cause of fatal diarrhea among children younger than five years. We aimed to determine the frequency of rotavirus infection according to age, gender and month of the year. From April 2008 through March 2013, 3,106 fresh stool specimens of children under the age of 16 years were tested for rotavirus antigen, and rotavirus antigen was detected as positive in 422 (1...

On February 3, 2006, a bovine-based pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, Merck & Co Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in infants in the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine immunization of infants with 3 doses of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine administered orally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The first dose...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. In developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with an estimated 527,000 annually. In infants, rotavirus is estimated to cause more than 2 million hospitalizations every year depending on the income level of the country. The purp...

Yes and no. Yes, we must understand intriguing new findings; but no, we are far from serious about widespread use of antimicrobials with routine immunizations. In this issue, Uchiyama and colleagues [1] pry open our thinking about resident microbiota and host resistance to enteric viral infections. They describe how antibiotics (ampicillin and neomycin, given for 2–8 weeks) reduce murine rotavi...

Rotavirus immunization has been limited to young infants owing to intussusception events noted with a prior rotavirus vaccine, RotaShield. Dramatic declines occurred in rotavirus-related disease beginning in 2008 after implementation of rotavirus vaccination in young infants. These declines occurred in vaccinated children and unvaccinated children and adults (through indirect protection). Despi...

Interaction with cellular glycans is a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of many infectious agents. Technological advances in glycobiology have expanded the repertoire of studies delineating host glycan-pathogen interactions. For rotavirus, the VP8* domain of the outer capsid spike protein VP4 is known to interact with cellular glycans. Sialic acid was considered the key cellular attach...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh. Unlike what was seen in high-income countries, the licensed rotavirus vaccines did not show high efficacy in Bangladeshi trials. We assessed rotavirus prevalence and genotypes in Bangladesh over six-year period to provide baseline information on the rotavirus burden and cha...