BACKGROUND and Overview. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments for root canal preparation in endodontics, instrument fracture has become more prevalent. Extensive research has been conducted on the physical properties and mechanical characteristics of NiTi rotary instruments, as well as the factors that can contribute to instrument failure. NiTi rotary instruments ...

Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

Since fuel must be injected with appropriate pressure and time for accurate performance of diesel engines, then proper function of engine is influenced by accurate function of injector pump. At first total pump was designed by SolidWorks 2012 software. Then the total relationship of rotor, roller, internal cam ring, pole shoe and plunger in injector pump in MF285 tractor and their performance w...

ATP synthaseÑalso called FoF1 ATPase, or simply F-ATPaseÑis the universal protein that terminates oxidative phosphorylation by synthesizing ATP from ADP and phosphate. Nearly identical proteins are found in eukaryotic mitochondria and bacteria, and they all operate on the same principle. Electron driven ion pumps set up concentration and electrical gradients across a membrane. ATP synthase util...

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A virtual prototype of oblique rotary tilling based on SPH(Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) was developed. Digital simulation and field test of oblique rotary tilling were conducted. The digital simulation suggested that soil mainly was torn to failure during oblique rotary tilling. Therefore, oblique rotary tilling could save energy. The given power consumption comparison of digital simulation a...