A series of microsurgical operations was performed in chick embryos to study the factors that control the polarity, position and differentiation of the sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion cells developing from the neural crest. The neural tube, with or without the notochord, was rotated by 180 degrees dorsoventrally to cause the neural crest cells to emerge ventrally. In some embryos, the noto...

Close root proximity between the maxillary central incisors presents a problem in the surgical management of a maxillary palatal expansion. During the surgical fracture of this interdental area, the possibility exists for a separation to occur between the root surface and the bone. If this does occur, it is paramount that the gingival attachment remain intact. Asymmetric separation places more ...

The aim of this study was to describe the replantation of a maxillary second right molar, which had been removed for surgical reasons in order to remove a dentigerous cyst associated with the adjacent third molar, and the case's 12-month follow-up. A 51-year-old man presented swelling in the right maxillary area. Radiographic examination showed a large radiolucency in close proximity to the thi...

Although classic valve-sparing root repair yields excellent results (survival at 10 years of 93.5%, freedom from structural valve deterioration at 10 years of 96.1% [1]), I agree with Siepe and colleagues [2] that extensive skeletonization of the aortic root might jeopardize an abnormal circumflex artery arising from the right coronary sinus and crossing the dorsal aspect of the annulus. I also...

Abstract Proximity search is an iterative method to solve complex mathematical programming problems. At each iteration, the objective function of problem at hand replaced by Hamming distance a given solution, and cutoff constraint added impose that any new obtained solution improves value. A mixed integer solver used find feasible this modified problem, yielding improved original problem. This ...