Bacterial sampling of prepared root canals is used to determine the presence and character of the remaining microbiota. However, it is likely that current sampling techniques only identify organisms in the main branches of the root canal system whereas it is unlikely that they can sample areas beyond the apical end-point of preparation and filling, or in lateral canals, canal extensions, apical...

The rhizosphere is a densely populated area in which plant roots must compete with invading root systems of neighboring plants for space, water, and mineral nutrients, and with other soil-borne organisms, including bacteria and fungi. Root-root and root-microbe communications are continuous occurrences in this biologically active soil zone. How do roots manage to simultaneously communicate with...

Microcosms were used to investigate whether soil exposure to mulberry root extracts (rich in phenolic compounds) select for bacteria that degrade polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Unlike previous studies with freshly spiked soil, the present experiments were conducted with soils aged for 518 d with [14C]phenanthrene to decrease bioavailability and avoid exaggerating the selective pressu...

Halophytes classified under the common name of salicornia colonize salty and coastal environments across tidal inundation gradients. To unravel the role of tide-related regimes on the structure and functionality of root associated bacteria, the rhizospheric soil of Salicornia strobilacea (synonym of Halocnemum strobilaceum) plants was studied in a tidal zone of the coastline of Southern Tunisia...

More than 95 % short roots of most terrestrial plants are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi as soon as they emerge in the upper soil profiles. The establishment of mycorrhizal association involves profound morphological and physiological changes in root and fungus. It is affected by other rhizospheric microorganisms, specifically by the bacteria. Bacteria may have developed mechanisms of selective...

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici causes foot and root rot of tomato plants, which can be controlled by the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 and P. chlororaphis PCL1391. Induced systemic resistance is thought to be involved in biocontrol by P. fluorescens WCS365. The antifungal metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), as well as efficient root colonization, are es...

The events involved in the structural interaction between the diazotrophic endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae, strain RAM10, labeled with green fluorescent protein, and pineapple plantlets 'Vitória' were evaluated by means of bright-field and fluorescence microscopy, combined with scanning electron microscopy for 28 days after inoculation. After 6 hours of inoculation, H. seropedic...

INTRODUCTION This clinical study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 1-visit versus 2-visit root canal treatment in removing endotoxins and cultivable bacteria from primarily infected root canals. METHODS Forty-eight primarily infected root canals were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: G1, 1% NaOCl; G2, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel; G3, 1% NaOCl + Ca(OH)2; and G4, 2% CHX ge...