Rock selection in modeling and simulation studies is usually based on two techniques; routinely defined rock types and those defined by special core analysis (SCAL). The challenge in utilizing these two techniques is that they are frequently assumed to be the same, but in practice, static rock-types (routinely defined) are not always representative of dynamic rock-types (SCAL defined) in the re...

The explosion process of explosives in a borehole applies a very high pressure on its surrounding rock media. This process can initiate and propagate rock fractures, and finally, may result in the rock fragmentation. Rock fragmentation is mainly caused by the propagation of inherent pre-existing fractures of the rock mass and also from the extension of the newly formed cracks within the intact ...

Rock typing is known as the best way in heterogeneous reservoirs characterization. The rock typing methods confine to various aspects of the rocks such as multi-scale and multi-modal pore types and size, rock texture, diagenetic modifications and integration of static/dynamic data. Integration of static and dynamic behavior of rocks and their sedimentary features are practiced in this study. Po...

Analysts have likened the growing direct state role in Kazakhstan’s petroleum sector since 2002 to a form of ―resource nationalism‖ that is part of a global trend precipitated by high oil prices. This interpretation has obvious appeal, both in light of earlier periods in which waves of nationalization coincided with oil price booms and the recent socalled ―re-nationalizations‖ in Bolivia, Venez...

Fuel ethanol is one of the technology success stories of the 21 century. In less than one third of a century, it has gone from being a material produced rather inefficiently in small quantities to a major commercial product. This success can be attributed not only to the fact that ethanol is a renewable fuel and replaces imported oil, but also because it is capable of competing with petroleum b...

Vascular remodeling in response to hemodynamic alterations is a physiological process that requires coordinated signaling between endothelial, inflammatory and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Extensive experimental and clinical studies have indicated the critical role of the Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho‑associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cardiovascu...

The classification of natural images is an essential task in computer vision and pattern recognition applications. Rock images are the typical example of natural images, and their analysis is of major importance in rock industries and bedrock investigations. Rocks are mainly classified into three types. They are Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary. They are further classified into Andesite, Ba...

The role of PKC and RhoA/ROCK pathways in the phasic activities in the rectal smooth muscles (RSM) in the basal state is not known. We examined this issue by determining the effects of PKC inhibitors (calphostin C and Gö-6850) and a ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) on the slow-rate (~3/min) and fast-rate (~25/min) phasic activities. We also examined the corresponding signal transduction cascades and th...

Rho, a member of the Rho small G protein family, regulates the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in various types of cultured cells. We investigated here the actions of ROCK and mDia, both of which have been identified to be putative downstream target molecules of Rho, in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The dominant active mutant of RhoA induced the formation of parallel stress fi...