The 26 sample sites in 7 study plots adjacent to asphalt road and earth road in coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta were selected to quantify plant diversity using quadrat sampling method in plant bloom phase of July and August 2012. The indice of β T and Jaccard's coefficient were applied to evaluate the species diversity. The results showed that the plant diversities and alien plants we...

Prototype guardrails, bridge rails, crash cushions and other roadside safety hardware have been designed in part by using engineering judgment, experience and intuition. These prototypes have been later evaluated by performing full-scale crash tests representing expected worst case scenarios. Since these tests are relatively expensive and because they require specialized facilities and personne...

Ecological restoration on roadsides confers several ecological benefits, but also poses significant challenges. Native plants used in restoration efforts must survive compacted soil, harsh microclimates, prolific invasive species, and pollution from road salts and vehicle emissions. Criteria for both site and species selection need to be developed to assist practitioners in restoring roadside e...

The Road Transport Legislation Amendment (Drug Testing) Act 2006 commenced in December 2006 and authorised roadside drug testing in NSW, and the drug testing of any driver, motorcycle rider or supervising licence holder involved in a fatal crash. A review of the drug testing legislation was undertaken in 2008 to determine whether or not the new laws were meeting their policy objectives of detec...

Driving under the influence of substances (DUI) other than alcohol has been the subject of increasing interest over the past few decades (Schulze et al., 2012). As with alcohol, research has shown that drug intake increases the risk of road traffic accidents (Elvik, 2013; Schulze et al., 2012; Verstraete & Legrand, 2014). Intervention in this area is a priority. A key factor for deterring DUI i...

In vehicular-to-roadside (V2R) communications of vehicular network, the bandwidth from roadside unit (RSU) can be shared among vehicular users to improve the utilization and reduce the cost. In this paper, the coalition game is formulated to model the situation in which multiple vehicular users can cooperate to share the bandwidth to RSU. First, the rational coalition formation is considered in...

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have been emerging due to the recent technologies in wireless and network communications. The most fundamental part in VANETs is to enable message authentications between vehicles and roadside units. Message authentication using proxy vehicles has been proposed to reduce the computational overhead of roadside units significantly. In this type of message authen...

Existing studies on data acquisition in vehicular networks often take the mobile vehicular nodes as data carriers. However, their autonomous movements, limited resources and security risks impact the quality of services. In this article, we propose a data acquisition model using stable matching of bipartite graph in cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems, namely, DAS. Contents are distribut...

Real-time monitoring of traffic density, road congestion, public transportation, and parking availability are key to realizing the vision of a smarter city and, with the advent of vehicular networking technologies such as IEEE 802.11p and WAVE, this information can now be gathered directly from the vehicles in an urban area. To act as a backbone to the network of moving vehicles, collecting, ag...

Plant communities in the verges of major roadways (roadsides) are similar to those of abandoned farm fields undergoing succession (oldfields). However, roadsides are subject to distinctive stresses. Here, we look at local adaptation in Hesperis matronalis L. to salinity and manganese (Mn). Plants collected from three roadside and three oldfield populations were grown in a greenhouse under contr...