The paths of 2425 individual motorcycle trips made in London were analyzed in order to uncover the route choice decisions made by drivers. The paths were derived from global positioning system (GPS) data collected by a courier company for each of their drivers, using algorithms developed for the purpose of this paper. Motorcycle couriers were chosen due to the fact that they both know streets v...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictors of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in middle school students, a case-control study was designed to seek new clues for prevention and control on RTAs in this population. METHODS Cases were 116 students who experienced RTAs from 2005/01/01 to 2005/12/31. 116 students were served as controls who were from the same class of the cases and matched by age and se...

Major investments in infrastructure rehabilitation have been undertaken by govemments, development banks and donors in developing countries in recent decades. In Sub-Saharan Africa road deterioration is perceived to be one ofthe main causes for the limited supply response after price liberalization in agricultural markets. Studies of the quantitative effects on marketing margins are rare. This ...

The aims of this study were: i) to analyze age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for road-based and off-road triathlons, and ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between road-based and off-road triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top 5 males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5 year intervals) were anal...

OBJECTIVES This study examined the variation in the U.S. road fatality rate per distance driven across the months of the year. METHOD The monthly fatality rates were analyzed for a 13-year period from 1994 through 2006. RESULTS The results indicate a systematic seasonal variation in the road fatality rate, with the highest rate in October and the lowest rate in March. CONCLUSION The obtai...

This paper presents a new algorithm for computing timedistance transformations of a road network based on modified multidimensional scaling. The algorithm is designed to perform on a realworld road network, and provides alternative visualisations for travel time cognition and route planning. Several extensions are explored, including user-centric and route-centric road map transformations. Our ...

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may affect immune responses, including those in the TH2 and TH17 pathways. To examine whether TRAP is associated with plasma level of TH17-, TH1-, and TH2-related cytokines in children with and without asthma, a cross-sectional study of 577 children (ages 6-14 years) with (n = 294) and without (n = 283) asthma in San Juan (Puerto Rico) was performed. Residen...

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1% of the adult population, and to date, genetic factors explain < 50% of the risk. Particulate air pollution, especially of traffic origin, has been linked to systemic inflammation in many studies. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of distance to road, a marker of traffic pollution...

OBJECTIVES To test the neurobehavioral consequences of sleep restriction combined with fatigue from long-distance driving (1000 Km/600 miles). DESIGN Counterbalanced study involving 3 experimental conditions: laboratory after controlled habitual sleep (8.5 hours), driving after controlled habitual sleep (8.5 hours) (Road 1), and driving after reduced sleep (2 hours) (Road 2). SETTING Sleep ...