BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) ameliorates the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, some aspects of executive control are impaired with STN DBS. OBJECTIVE We tested the prediction that (i) STN DBS interferes with switching from automatic to controlled processing during fast-paced random number generation (RNG) (ii) STN DBS-induced cognit...

Operating systems and applications rely on random number generators (RNGs) for a number of important tasks, most notably cryptographic key generation. The impact of flawed random number generation practices has been studied extensively in the past [2, 5]. In this paper, we examine the implications of an RNG bug in FreeBSD that was fixed by Subversion commit r278907 [3]. In particular, our analy...

In this paper we present the results of a rst empirical investigation on how the quality of non-uniform variates is innuenced by the underlying uniform RNG and the transformation method used. We use well known standard RNGs and transformation methods to the normal distribution as examples. We nd that except for transformed density rejection methods, which do not seem to introduce any additional...

For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: x, x0, y, y0, r are real numbers, z, z0 are elements of R2, Z is a subset of R2, f , f1, f2 are partial functions from R2 to R, R is a rest, and L is a linear function. Next we state two propositions: (1) domproj(1, 2) = R2 and rng proj(1, 2) = R and for all elements x, y of R holds (proj(1, 2))(〈x, y〉) = x. (2) domproj(2, 2) = R2 and rng proj(...

Public attention to climate change challenges our locked-in fossil fuel-dependent energy sector. Natural gas is replacing other fuels in mix. One way reduce the greenhouse (GHG) impact of natural replace it with renewable (RNG). The benefits utilizing RNG are that has no when combusted and utilized same applications as gas. can be injected into grid, used a transportation fuel, or for heating e...

provide the notation and terminology for this paper. 1. POSET RETRACTS One can prove the following propositions: (1) For all binary relations a, b holds a · b = a b. (2) Let X be a set, L be a non empty relational structure, S be a non empty relational substruc-ture of L, f , g be functions from X into the carrier of S, and f , g be functions from X into the carrier of L. If f = f and g = g and...

To investigate the different influencing characteristics of local scour around submarine pipelines, hydrodynamic and sediment transport two-dimensional models based on Flow-3D are used to numerically simulate pipeline under steady currents. An RNG k-ε turbulence model is applied turbulent flow field pipeline. The instantaneous shear stress bed surface taken as starting transporting conditions s...

In this study, the aerodynamic analysis of Ahmed body which is generic automobile model performed to determine convenient turbulence and reduce drag coefficient by modifying shape model. For purpose, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) carried out using different models that are Spalart-Allmaras, (Shear Stress Transport) SST k-ω, Standard k-ε, Realizable (Re-Normalisation Group) RNG k-ε models. ...