This paper describes the development and applications of a computational tool, referred to as the Multi-Objective Zoning and AggRegation Tool (MOZART), for devising optimal zoning systems. MOZART aims to account for a diverse range of criteria that may arise in customising zones to suit different contexts. This flexibility is achieved by treating the problem of zone design as a problem of parti...

Economists have long argued that systems of marketable permits are a cost-effective means of regulating externalities. Though these ideas have only recently been implemented in the field of pollution control, transferable development rights (TDRs) have been used for decades by city planners in many locales. Most opponents of permit trading contest the granting of property rights to the originat...

Because of its complexity, handwriting recognition has to exploit many sources of information to be successful, e.g. the handwriting zones. Variability of zone-lines, however, requires a more flexible representation than traditional horizontal or linear methods. The proposed method therefore employs approximating cubic splines. Using entire lines of text rather than individual words is shown to...

Zoning has always been one of the basic tools of land use control available. Zoning is the regulation and restriction of land uses according to a predetermined plan. This paper will present a look at conventional zoning, its origins, the evolution of the zoning, and the scope of zoning types. Regardless of the varieties, most zoning codes can be classified into at least one of the following bro...

An often overlooked aspect of fisheries management is the collateral impact of fishingbycatch and habitat damage. Discussions concerning the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) and fisheries management have focused on recovering depleted fish stocks through adult immigration or larval dispersal, but relatively little discussion has focused on the use of closed areas to address collateral impa...

To identify environmental sites commonly contaminated by avian influenza virus A (H5N1) in live-bird markets in Indonesia, we investigated 83 markets in 3 provinces in Indonesia. At each market, samples were collected from up to 27 poultry-related sites to assess the extent of contamination. Samples were tested by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and virus isolation. A questionnaire wa...