Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal and is a primary material in most bullets used to hunt white-tailed deer. We conducted a study to examine bullet fragmentation patterns and to assess lead levels in deer and domestic sheep using different types of bullets and firearms. The firearms we tested included a centerfire rifle, a shotgun, and an inline muzzleloader. For the centerfire rifle, we used lead bull...

While the retrospective cohort study by Lopez-Delgado and colleagues [1] suggests a strong association of the RIFLE classification and long-term mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) after post-cardiac surgery, it has a number of limitations. The numbers of patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or with nonrecovery of renal function, de novo CKD or progression of CKD to stage ...

Electrochemical machining is one of the most effective methods in machining of hard and complex shapes. As a result, it is a very good candidate for inside rifle machining. In this paper the principles and mathematical modelling, the results of computer simulation and experimental investigations of electrochemical rifling tool are presented. From this point of view, a rifling tool in electroche...

Investigations on changes in a rifle's barrel temperature during shooting in a rhythm typical for practitioners of Olympic shooting sports are presented. Walther KK300 (cal. 5.6 mm), a typical rifle often used in Olympic competitions, R50 RWS ammunition and a high speed thermographic camera were used in the study. Altair version 5 software was used to process thermal images and a stationary wav...

Proposals to end the use of lead hunting ammunition because of the established risks of lead exposure to wildlife and humans are impeded by concerns about the availability, price, and effectiveness of substitutes. The product availability and retail prices of different calibers of lead-free bullets and center-fire rifle ammunition were assessed for ammunition sold in the USA and Europe. Lead-fr...

This paper addresses the epidemiology of AKI specifically in relation to recent changes in AKI classification and revisits the controversies regarding the timing of initiation of dialysis and the use of peritoneal dialysis as a renal replacement therapy for AKI. In summary, the new RIFLE/AKIN classifications of AKI have facilitated more uniform diagnosis of AKI and clinically significant risk s...