Rice is the staple food of almost half of the world population, and in excess 90% of it is grown and consumed in Asia, but the disposal of rice straw poses a problem for farmers, who often burn it in the fields, causing health and environmental problems. However, with increased focus on the development of sustainable biofuel production, rice straw has been recognized as a potential feedstock fo...

Straw mushrooms were grown on lead contaminated rice straw and stubble. Study materials were dried, acid digested, and analyzed for lead using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed the highest lead concentration in substrate was 445.350 mg kg⁻¹ in Treatment 3 (T3) and the lowest was BD (below detection) in Treatment 1 (T1). The maximum lead content in straw mushrooms was...

A simple apparatus for collecting methane emission from a simulated rice field ecosystem was formed. With no wheat straw powder amended all treatments with inhibitor(s) had so much lower methane emission during rice growth than the treatment with urea alone (control), which was contrary to methane emission from the cut rice-soil system. Especially for treatments with dicyandiamide (DCD) and wit...

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To ut...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet bas...

This study is to explore effects of nitrogen application and straw incorporation on abundance of relevant microbes and CH 4 and N2O fluxes in a midseason aerated rice paddy field. Fluxes of CH 4 and N2O were recorded, and abundance of relevant soil microbial functional genes was determined during rice-growing season in a 6-year-long fertilization experiment field in China. Results indicate that...

Clostridium oryzae was originally isolated from the soil of a Japanese rice field. C. oryzae represents a novel species within the genus Clostridium and is associated with anaerobic rice straw degradation. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of C. oryzae DSM 28571 (5.076 Mbp), containing 4,590 predicted protein-coding genes.

Sankat, C.K. and Lauckner, B. 1991. The effect of ammonia treat ment on the digestibility of rice straw under various process conditions. Can.Agric. Eng.33:309-313.Rice straw was treatedwith aqueous NH3 at 2,4, 6 and8% of strawdry matter(DM)such that the final measured moisture content was 21% (wet basis) and samples at each level of ammoniation wereheldunderambient (30°C) conditions for 7, 14,...

The proportion of the leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem fractions in six rice straw varieties averaged 30, 40 and 30%, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of these fractions, estimated by the cellulase-neutral detergent solution procedure, was 503, 513 and 610 g/kg, respectively. The lower IVD of the blade and sheath was due to lower degradation parameters estimated by a simple...

Rice is an important food grain crop and is consumed by majority of the human population. Nutrient management is an important aspect in rice to be given pivotal importance so as to attain sustainability of grain yield production. In the present chapter, aspects’ relating to integrated nutrient management in rice is critically reviewed. The effects of integrating chemical fertilizers with organi...