BACKGROUND During adaptive radiation events, characters can arise multiple times due to parallel evolution, but transfer of traits through hybridization provides an alternative explanation for the same character appearing in apparently non-sister lineages. The signature of hybridization can be detected in incongruence between phylogenies derived from different markers, or from the presence of t...

OBJECTIVES Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. In this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of Rheum ribes. MATERIALS AND METHO...

Rheum species are medicinally important herbs, posses several type of biological activities due to the presence of anthraquinone derivatives. Several HPLC methods have been used for sepeatation of anthraquinone of Rheum Species. In most cases anthraquinones were separated using C18 column as a stationary phase, acetonitrile, water and methanol with or without acid as mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min ...

D. V. and Spector, T. D. (1996) Br. J. Kheumatol. 35, 12991304 20 Hart, D. J., Mootoosamy, I . , Doyle, D. V. and Spector, T. D. (1994) Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53, 158-1 62 21 Dequeker, J. and Johnell, 0. (1995) Bone 14, S5 I -S56 22 Nevitt, M. C., Lane, N. E., Scott, J. E., IIochherg, M. C., Pressman, A. R., Genant, H. K. and Cummings, S. R. (1995) Arthritis Rheum. 38, 907-91 6 23 Dequeker, J. (1997)...

1. Praprotnik S, Rozman B, Tomsic M. New issues in tuberculosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:795. 2. Carmona L, Hernandez-Garcia C, Vadillo C et al. Increased risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1436–9. 3. Wolfe F, Michaud K, Anderson J, Urbansky K. Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy. Arthritis ...

1 Prior P, Symmons D P M, Hawkins C F, Scott D L, Brown R. Cancer morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43: 128-31. 2 Symmons D P M, Ahern M, Bacon P A, et al. Lymphoproliferative malignancy in rheumatoid arthritis: a study of 20 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43: 132-5. 3 Isaacson P, Wright D H. Coeliac discase and malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. In: Whitehouse J M A, Wi...

Acer (maple) species and their horticultural varieties are world-famous ornamental trees with colored leaves that widely used in natural potted landscaping, as well gardening (Lin et al., 2015). Japan the United States breed most maple varieties, which hybridized or selected from A. palmatum, saccharum, rubrum, japonicum, shirasawanum, buergerianum, morifolium (Gao In recent years, China has be...

Michael J. Ezell,1 Stanley N. Johnson,1 Yong Yu,2 Véronique Perraud,1 Emily A. Bruns,1 M. Lizabeth Alexander,3 Alla Zelenyuk,3 Donald Dabdub,4 and Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts1 1Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA 2Currently at California Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, USA 3Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Nat...

REFERENCES 1. Buchbinder R, Hall S, Sambrook PN et al. Methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis; A life table review of 587 patients treated in community practice. / Rheumatol 1993,2fc639-44. 2. Segal R, Yaron M, Tartakovsky B. Methotrexate: mechanism of action. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1990-.20: 190-200. 3. Cronstein BN, Naime D, Ostad E. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of low dose methotrexa...