This paper reconstructs Marx’s theory of value in the context of the long-period method of the classical political economists centered on the distinction between market prices and natural prices around which they gravitate. The theory of value stems from considering the abstract problem of the self-organization of a division of labor through the exchange of products as commodities. The commodit...

The Cuban exodus is now over 41 years old and has brought close to a million Cuban immigrants to American soil — about 12 percent of the Cuban population. That exodus harbors distinct waves of immigrants, alike only in their final rejection of Cuba. The focus of this paper is on the exodus of Cubans in the nineties during what Castro himself called “el período especial” — the special period tha...

would like to thank Karen Remmer for her guidance in the grant proposal process which made the field work possible and Ken Roberts and Ken Coleman for reading many drafts. I would also like to thank the members of the Frente Democrático Campesino. This work would not have been possible without all of their generous help. 2 Introduction The research on social movements and popular organizing 1 i...

Abstract This article traces the circulation of newspapers and journals as physical objects to reconstruct Middle Eastern communists’ global connections. I argue that post-First World War North African revolutionary militancy was closely linked networks. The extensive transregional transimperial communist press discussed here these close Communist International represented a novelty self-procla...

iran’s industry has had a considerable number of difficulties to perform so well as was expected in the post – revolutionary era. unfavorable legal, political environments combined with eight –year imposed war may be singled out as the root causes of such performances. however, this paper argues that our industry’s lack of realization of its dire need to adapt to the emerging unprecedented envi...