classification. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005;18(1):41-53, viii. 3. Chan HSL, Grogan TM, DeBoer G, Haddad G, Gallie BL, Ling V. Diagnosis and reversal of multidrug resistance in paediatric cancers. Eur J Cancer. 1996; 32A(6):1051-1061. 4. Gallie BL, Budning A, DeBoer G, et al. Chemotherapy with focal therapy can cure intraocular retinoblastoma without radiotherapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114(1...

retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in children resulting from genetic alterations and transformation of mature retinal cells. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sd-208, tgf-β-ri kinase inhibitor, on the expression of some mirnas including a mir-17/92 cluster in retinoblastoma cells. prior to initiate this work, the cell proliferation was studied by me...

PURPOSE To investigate the link between microsatellite instability and epigenetic silencing of the MLH1 gene in the human retinoblastoma genome. METHODS Methylation at the 5' region of MLH1 was studied, along with its protein expression level by using immunohistochemical staining in 51 retinoblastoma tumors and 2 retinoblastoma cell lines. Also assessed was the genomic stability of 26 retinob...

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common ocular malignancies in children under the age of six. Occasionally, retinoblastoma metastasizes to extraocular organs including the bone, lung and brain. Left untreated, retinoblastoma is fatal. At present, there is no effective treatment for metastatic retinoblastoma. We investigated the antineoplastic act...

PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that cancer stem cells contribute to tumor progression and chemoresistance in a variety of malignancies, including brain tumors, leukemias, and breast carcinomas. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that retinoblastomas contain subpopulations of cells that exhibit cancer stem cell properties. METHODS The following sources of retinoblastoma cells and ti...

PURPOSE Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina usually occurring in young children. To date, the conventional treatments for retinoblastoma have been enucleation, cryotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Most of these treatments, however, have possible side effects, including blindness, infections, fever, gastrointestinal toxicity, and neurotoxicity. More effective t...

PURPOSE. To investigate the effectiveness of a novel isoquinoline derivative, EDL-155, in killing retinoblastoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS. Dose-response curves were generated in which Y79 retinoblastoma cells tagged with luciferase (Y79-Luc) were treated with serial concentrations of EDL-155. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the ultrastructural morphology of EDL-155-treated Y79 cel...