Ruminant species differ in the degree that their rumen contents are stratified but are similar insofar that only very fine particles are passed from the forestomach to the lower digestive tract. We investigated the passage kinetics of fluid and particle markers (2, 10 and 20 mm) in fistulated cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose...

As the anatomy of the digestive tract of the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) has not been described in relation to the ruminant feeding type classification to date, we here report anatomical measurements on a complete digestive tract of an okapi euthanised in captivity and measurements of its ingesta particle size and forestomach protozoa species, supplemented with other information on two okapi fores...

Four steers fitted with a ruminal cannula and chronic indwelling catheters in the mesenteric artery, mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, and the right ruminal vein were used to study the absorption and metabolism of VFA from bicarbonate buffers incubated in the temporarily emptied and washed reticulorumen. Portal and hepatic vein blood flows were determined by infusion of p-amin...

Polymyositis is one of the inflammatory myopathies. It a chronic autoimmune disease that usually involves proximal muscles. caused by an infiltrate skeletal muscle. Notably, dysphagia occurs in one-third patients. Traditional treatment with steroids and immune modulators has been reported to have varied outcomes recurrent symptomatic flares. The which such myopathies may be severe symptoms myop...

This study aimed to evaluate the hematologic response and serum peritoneal fluid (PF) proteinogram of cattle affected by digestive diseases. Twenty-seven animals were distributed in two groups: GI (intestinal diseases) GII (traumatic reticuloperitonitis, TRP). The previously submitted a physical exam. Subsequently, blood samples collected perform complete count, determine plasma protein fibrino...

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects about 1% of the US population, with an extensive impact on patients’ health and their risk later developing comorbidities from treatment. While literature side effect profile antipsychotics abundant, there are few studies identification anticholinergic effects gut motility prophylaxis development. The aim this review to consider antip...

It has been suggested that the energy required for sperm motility is produced by oxidative phosphorylation while glycolysis seems to be an important source for ATP transmission along the flagellum. Some studies have investigated the chemical and kinetic properties of the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase to identify any changes in the regulation of glycolysis and sperm motility. I...

The major mechanisms of gallstone formation include biliary cholesterol hypersecretion, supersaturation and crystallization, mucus hypersecretion, gel formation and bile stasis. Gallbladder hypomotility seems to be a key event that triggers the precipitation of cholesterol microcrystals from supersaturated lithogenic bile. Telocytes, a new type of interstitial cells, have been recently identifi...

This study aimed to compare fasting and postprandial gastrointestinal motor patterns in patients with ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Forty five subjects were studied: 10 with uncomplicated gastric ulcer, eight with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer, 18 with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia, and nine healthy asymptomatic controls. Gastrointestinal fasting and postprandial motor patterns were recorded usi...