This report documents two instances of retained flexible ureteroscopes at the time of ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy in a healthy 37-year-old male and a 53-year-old male with a pelvic kidney. We describe maneuvers to remove the ureteroscope endoscopically in the first case, while the second case required conversion to open surgery for ureteroscope extrication.

transformation induced plasticity (trip) steels have a vast application in automotive industry because of theirhigh strength, high ductility and hence excellent energy absorption capacity. these characteristics of tripsteels are due to the existence of retained austenite in their microstructures in the ambient temperature, whichtransforms to the martensite phase during deformation. the microstr...

Intra-abdominal retained surgical sponge is an uncommon surgical error. Herein, we report a 92-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency room for acute urinary retention. She had a history of vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse 18 years previously, performed at our hospital. Retained surgical sponge in the pelvic cavity was suspected by abdominal computed tomography. The surgical ga...

background & aim: conjoined nerve root is defined as two adjacent nerve roots that share a common dural envelope at some points during their course from the thecal sac. this study reports our experience of conjoined roots involving three cases in dakar. methods & materials/patients: this is a consecutive study from 2013 to 2015 involving patients supported for disc herniation and who have prese...