Mangroves in South Africa occur at one of the most southerly locations world, which provides a unique opportunity to study their dynamic responses anthropogenic and natural perturbations. The exposed high-energy African coastline restricts mangroves 32 sheltered estuaries 18 (56%) are predominantly open sea. A large area mangrove (47% country total) occurs uMhlathuze Estuary – novel ecosystem f...

Water network construction is one of the important ways to solve complex water problems at present. It crucial for optimal allocation resources, flood control, disaster reduction, protection ecology, security, and sustainable urban development. Accordingly, this study formulates an index system assessing efficacy based on Driving Force–Pressure–State–Influence–Response (DPSIR) model, taking int...

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions processing it, but these costly, and cheaper option countries has been to export of less various laws policies regulating e-waste at different governance scales such as international Basel Convention, regional Bamoko national laws. However, ma...

The Ria Formosa is a shallow mesotidal lagoon on the south coast of Portugal, with natural biogeochemical cycles essentially regulated by tidal exchanges at the seawater boundaries and at the sediment interface. Existing data on nutrients in the water column and the sediment, together with chlorophyll a and oxygen saturation in the water column, are compared using different models for assessing...