foreign bodies in lower urinary tract may present in a different number of ways. we report four cases of such unusual presentation. physical examination and plain radiograph was sufficient enough to confirm our diagnosis in all cases. the cases belonged to different age groups and three out of four cases were managed by open surgical approach. one foreign body was removed using cystoscope. prom...

During August 2006-April 2010, in Beijing, China, 2 rare human enterovirus serotypes, coxsackievirus A21 and enterovirus 68, were detected most frequently in human enterovirus-positive adults with acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, during some years, these 2 viruses cause a substantial proportion of enterovirus-associated adult acute respiratory tract infections.

Acute infection of the lower respiratory tract comprises bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. From a clinical point of view it may be diYcult to distinguish these disease entities and one infection may progress into another. The most common pathogens causing these infections are the primary respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, adenoviruses, parainfluenza...

AIMS To report a qualitative study of the experiences of nurse prescribers in managing patients with self-limiting respiratory tract infections. BACKGROUND Patients frequently attend primary care with respiratory tract infections. Although a no-prescribing strategy is recommended for these consultations, general practitioners frequently prescribe antibiotics, citing non-clinical reasons such ...

A case of ataxia telangiectasia in a 7 year-old boy associated with Hodgkin disease was presented. Abnormalities of motion along with repeated respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalization started when he was 2 years old. The patient was placed on MOPP protocol Hodgkin treatment in addition to replace­ment therapy as advised. 

Helminth parasite infection of the canine and feline respiratory tract is uncommon in North America. This article reviews the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of helminth parasite infections in dogs and cats. The diagnosis of parasitic infections caused by helminth parasites of the respiratory tract of cats and dogs is infrequent in most parts of North America. Several fecal exami...

Toll like receptors (TLRs) with a myeloid differentiation antigen (CD14) recognize and bind various structures from invading microbes and then trigger cell activation. They initiate a variety of effectors' functions, including cytokine secretion, proliferation, co-stimulation or phagocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expression in childr...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the occurrence of and associations between upper respiratory tract infections in preschool children, and to assess constitutional and environmental factors as determinants of these infections. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS Preschool children, aged 4 to 5 years (3853 completed questionnaires). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE...

We previously detected enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines in 2008-2009. Since then, the detection frequency of EV-D68 has increased in different parts of the world, and EV-D68 is now recognized as a reemerging pathogen. However, the epidemiological profile and clinical significance of EV-D68 is yet to be defined, and the virological ...

INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide threat to public health. Acute respiratory tract infections are the main reason for antibiotic prescribing in the Spanish paediatric population. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of antibiotic prescription and their pattern of use in acute respiratory tract infections diagnosed in children in Primary Care in Aragón (Spain). ...