Increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs have greatly contributed to the increasing food production in China during the last decades, but have also increased N and P losses to the environment. The pathways and magnitude of these losses are not well quantified. Here, we report on N and P use efficiencies and losses at a national scale in 2005, using the model NUFER (NUtrient flows in Fo...

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) as deposited by PECVD at low temperatures (around 200°C) can be used to fabricate stable pin-type solar cells with conversion efficiencies over 8 %. The variety of growth forms and microstructural patterns observed for different deposition conditions is described; the requirements to be met by layers for use in μc-Si:H solar cells are listed. A pa...

As fossil-reliant industries turn to sustainable biomass for energy and material supply, the competition biogenic carbon is expected intensify. Using process level balance models, this paper shows how capture of residual CO 2 in conjunction with either permanent storage (CCS) or biofuel production (CCU) benefits fourteen largely residue-based pathways. With a few noteworthy exceptions, most pat...

The use of natural resource revenues for achievement of development has been a challenging issue for resource abundant countries. These challenges stem from the fact that incomes from natural resources are non-durable, unpredictable and uncertain. Different countries have pursued various approaches and tools for managing these revenues to avoid economic fluctuations. The international organizat...

in order to evaluate of yield, water and radiation use efficiencies in wheat genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using a split split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at khorasan razavi agricultural and natural resources research centre (mashhad, iran) in 2006-2008. main plots were assigned to two levels of water stress treatments; d1: optim...

The problem we investigate deals with the optimal assignment of resources to the activities of a stochastic project network. We seek to minimize the expected cost of the project include sum of resource utilization costs and lateness costs. We assume that the work content required by the activities follows an exponential distribution. The decision variables of the model are the allocated resourc...

Long-term contrasts in agricultural management can shift soil resource availability with potential consequences to microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) and the fate of C in soils. Isothermal calorimetry was combined with 13C-labeled glucose stable isotope probing (SIP) of 16S rRNA genes to test the hypothesis that organically managed soils would support microbial communities with greater t...