Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome is significant. In addition, the economic cost is high due to lost productivity. Food animals, particularly poultry, are the main reservoirs of C. jej...

The increased use of fluoroquinolones has led to increasing resistance to these antimicrobials, with rates of resistance that vary by both organism and geographic region. Resistance to fluoroquinolones typically arises as a result of alterations in the target enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) and of changes in drug entry and efflux. Mutations are selected first in the more susceptible t...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

The design of cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly sophisticated, yet there is no cancer treatment that is 100% effective against disseminated cancer. Resistance to treatment with anticancer drugs results from a variety of factors including individual variations in patients and somatic cell genetic differences in tumors, even those from the same tissue of origin. Frequently resistance is...

The aim of the thesis was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying resistance to nucleoside analogues used in the treatment of leukemias, with focus on cellular metabolism and induction of apoptosis. Cladribine (CdA), Clofarabine (CAFdA), Fludarabine (Fara-A) and Nelarabine (Ara-G) are nucleoside analogues with activity against various types of leukemias. CAFdA is a relatively new nucleoside anal...

Resistance to chemotherapy ('drug resistance') is a fundamental problem that limits the effectiveness of many chemotherapies currently used to treat cancer. Drug resistance can occur due to a variety of mechanisms, such as increased drug inactivation, drug efflux from cancer cells, enhanced repair of chemotherapy-induced damage, activation of pro-survival pathways and inactivation of cell death...

Throughout the reproductive years, the rise and fall in ovarian hormones elicit in the endometrium waves of cell proliferation, differentiation, recruitment of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, tissue breakdown and regeneration. The activated progesterone receptor, a member of the superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, is the master regulator of this intense tissue remodelling proc...

Aspirin became a cornerstone in the treatment of coronary artery disease and widely used in the secondary prevention of vascular events. Aspirin resistance remains a poorly defined term though clinical definition is failure of the drug to prevent an atherothrombotic event despite the regular intake of appropriate doses is a relatively common problem. Various laboratory parameters assessing its ...

Quinolones are widely used in the treatment of respiratory infections, in large part because of their activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and other commonly encountered respiratory tract pathogens. Pneumococcal isolates that are resistant to these "respiratory quinolones" have now begun to emerge. Resistance is attributable to mutations affecting the intracellular targets of these drugs, ...