Experimental evolution of microbes is a powerful tool to study adaptation to strong selection, the mechanism of evolution and the development of new traits. The development of high-throughput sequencing methods has given researchers a new ability to cheaply and easily identify mutations genome wide that are selected during the course of experimental evolution. Here we provide a protocol for con...

Recent high-density microarray technologies allow, in principle, the determination of all k-mers that appear along a DNA sequence, for k = 8 - 10 in a single experiment on a standard chip. The k-mer contents, also called the spectrum of the sequence, is not sufficient to uniquely reconstruct a sequence longer than a few hundred bases. We have devised a polynomial algorithm that reconstructs the...

This paper presents an extended classification for non-permutation flowshops. The versatile options which occur with the possibility of resequencing jobs within the line are considered. The literature review shows that no classification exists which considers extensively this type of flowshop.

atm switching systems are required to maintain ordering for cells within a given virtual circuit This is most commonly achieved using a switching system in which cells in a given virtual circuit are routed along a common path through the switch ing system This solution has the drawback that it can lead to signi cant virtual circuit blocking unless the switching network is engineered with a larg...