This study reports a mixed methods design investigation into language teachers’ conception of research. The study drew on various sources of data, including teachers’ responses to questionnaires items, qualitative comments in follow-up interviews, and contributions to e-mail inquiries. Results showed that the teachers’ understanding of research is mainly associated with a standard view of resea...

Abstract Governments and organizations design performance-based research funding systems (PBRFS) for strategic aims, such as to selectively allocate scarce resources stimulate efficiency. In this work, we analyze the relative change in productivity of Italian universities after introduction a system, featuring financial reputational incentives. Using bibliometric approach, compare performance b...

One of the most valuable assets of each firm is the brand of that firm. Whatever the �brand equity is more in the consumers, mind, the firm can gain more benefits from the consumers in its shadow. The continuous controlling of this concept is as a necessary step in its effective management. In recent decades, studying and searching about the brand has allocated a special position in different d...