tions that, up until that time, had only received an episodic focus. One drawback of the book is that the authors cover a wide gamut of topics. Consequently, disease-specifi c topics are presented without adequately providing the necessary background on the disease entity to the reader. Not all readers may fully understand the necessary disease-specifi c background that would make the discussio...

Ras effectors required for transformation depend on the species, the cell type, and the tumor stage. However, these findings may be confounded because they were mainly conducted in cultured cells and by using H-Ras, the least commonly mutated Ras gene, to transform cells. K-Ras is the predominantly mutated Ras family member, and activating mutations in K-Ras are associated primarily with malign...

Phytoplasma is a infectious agent in plant having cosmopolitan distribution and related to several types of plants diseases which cause severe epidemics of often quarantine purposes. Phytoplasma are prokaryotes belonging to the class Mollicutes because they lack a cell wall, up to now they were not cultivated in pure culture therefore Koch postulates are only sometimes fulfilled by using altern...

Gene essentiality in bacteria has been identified in silico, focusing on gene persistence, or experimentally, focusing on the growth of knockouts in rich media. Comparing 55 genomes of Firmicutes and Gamma-proteobacteria to identify the genes which, while persistent among genomes, do not lead to a lethal phenotype when inactivated, we show that the characteristics of persistence, conservation, ...

With an evolutionary history that spans several thousands of years, Ayurveda is one of the oldest and meticulously codifi ed systems of health care in the world. However, in modern times, the Ayurvedic community has lagged behind in the task of projecting Ayurveda as an evidence-based system with adequate research support to vouchsafe its therapeutic claims of safety and effi cacy. For this rea...

The research articles listed here cover the period 1963 to the present. They are all important articles, and they are relevant to this offering of the course.

 Abegglen, J., Christiaens, G. & Rowley, A. (2008). Nursing students' perceptions of a holistic nursing conference: Empowerment, self care, and application to practice. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 26(2), 139-146. The purpose of the study was to describe nursing students' perceptions of their experiences at the 2007 annual conference of the American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA), and iden...

The paper provides 'rules of thumb' for writing research articles (RA) and getting them published. These were discussed during the "Scientific writing course" organized for ITC PhD students by Cressie Communication Services. Important aspects of macro and sub-structure of a paper were selected through group discussions. The substructure and functions of different sections of RAs are described. ...

It is shown that it takes several years for a mandatory policy to be institutionalized and routinized, but that once it has been the deposit of articles takes place in a remarkably short time after publication, or in some cases even before. Authors overwhelmingly deposit well before six months after publication date. The OA mantra of ‘deposit now, set open access when feasible’ is shown to be n...

Solvation plays an important role in ligand-protein association and has a strong impact on comparisons of binding energies for dissimilar molecules. When databases of such molecules are screened for complementarity to receptors of known structure, as often occurs in structure-based inhibitor discovery, failure to consider ligand solvation often leads to putative ligands that are too highly char...