The article is about six French Special Military Operations (SMOs) that were conducted in Islamic countries the MENA region between 2011 and 2022. It provides an explanation of their historical, geopolitical, military contexts while also assessing compliance with international law. text introduces two innovative concepts, Holland doctrine Macron doctrine, analyses both successes failures. Ultim...

Our information sphere—the space where we not only express our opinions, but also form opinions—is facing significant challenges. The core trends of »truth decay«— growing disagreement about facts; blurred lines between opinion and fact; increasing influence over declining trust in formerly respected sources factual information—have become increasingly evident the strategic systemic dilution di...

C orporate strategy is heavily influenced by its military roots. The very language of strategy is imbued with military references – chief executive ‘‘officers’’ in ‘‘headquarters’’, ‘‘troops’’ on the ‘‘front lines.’’ Described this way, strategy is about confronting an opponent and fighting over a given piece of land that is both limited and constant. Traditionally, strategy focused on beating ...

United States professional military advisors play a critical role across the spectrum of conflict within various services’ strategies in support overall National Defense Strategy. In an era great power competition, advisory forces shadow large-scale conflict, provide crucial edge for US services fulfilling their strategic role. Within each unique - Army’s multidomain operations, Marine Corps ex...

with the collapse of the soviet :union:, vacuum of power emerged in the south caucasus. this matter has sparked trans-regional and regional powers competition. the newly established republics create challenges and opportunities for iran and turkey. the result of this situation is the competition between tehran and ankara in the region. this topic is highly important in regional equations becaus...

The fragmentation of the Internet, which has replaced information globalization, is becoming a new reality. Digital technologies and Internet are field geopolitical contradictions struggle for leadership between great powers. Cyber diplomacy, includes range issues using ICT to achieve foreign policy goals state, as well problematic subject areas international relations arising in connection wit...