The sound of tape-recorded birdsong triggers a set of behavioral and physiological responses in zebra finches, including transcriptional activation of the zenk gene in the auditory forebrain. Song repetition leads to the stimulus-specific habituation of these responses. To gain insight into the mechanisms that couple auditory experience to gene regulation, we monitored the phosphorylation of th...

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In serial recall from short-term memory, repeated items are recalled well when close together (repetition facilitation), but not when far apart (repetition inhibition; the Ranschburg effect). These effects were re-examined with a new scoring scheme that addresses the possibility that repetitions are distinct tokens in memory. Repetition facilitation and repetition inhibition proved robust, and ...

BACKGROUND Electroporation is a physical method used to transfer molecules into cells and tissues. Clinical applications have been developed for antitumor drug delivery. Clinical trials of gene electrotransfer are under investigation. However, knowledge about how DNA enters cells is not complete. By contrast to small molecules that have direct access to the cytoplasm, DNA forms a long lived com...

the purpose of present study was to examine the effects of caffeine and ephedrine supplement and their combination on maximal strength and mucular endurance in male bodybuilders. 12 male bodybuilders (mean age: 24.41±4.42 years, height: 174.83±3.61 cm and weight: 75.67±8.05 kg) were selected voluntarily. the study design was crossover, in which the subjects were placed in 7 different conditions...

Our prior experience heavily influences our subjective time. One of such phenomena is repetition compression, that is, repeated stimuli are perceived shorter than novel stimuli. However, most of the studies on repetition compression used identical stimuli, leaving the question whether similar repetition effects could take place in phonological and semantic level repetition. We used Chinese char...

There is considerable interest in fear appeal arguments in both the normative (logical) and the empirical (psychological) literature on argumentation. However, these two streams are, so far, relatively independent of each other. In this paper, an attempt is made to join them together, or at least to open up a canal between them.1 Fear appeal arguments are studied in logic under the category of ...