During embryonic development, cell movement is orchestrated by a multitude of attractants and repellents. Chemoattractants applied as a gradient, such as cAMP with Dictyostelium discoideum or fMLP with neutrophils, induce the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase at the front of the cell, leading to the localized depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphospha...

N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is the active principle of most insect repellents used worldwide. However, its toxicity on insects has not been widely studied. The aim of this work is to study the effects of DEET on the locomotor activity of Blattella germanica. DEET has a dose-dependent repellent activity on B. germanica. Locomotor activity was significantly lower when insects were pre-ex...

background : one of the best ways to control the malaria disease and to be protected human against anopheles mos­quito biting is the use of repellents. throughout repellents, herbal ones may be an appropriate and safe source for protection. methods : chemical constituents of achillea vermiculata and satoreja hortensis were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. efficacy and t...

Emerging vector-borne diseases have become a concern for travelers and nontravelers alike. Although Ebola has dominated recent headlines, tropical arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya have more quietly reached the United States. Local transmission of chikungunya virus was first documented in the United States in July 2014, and local spread of dengue has occurred in Florida, Texas, and Haw...

Field tests evaluated repellent formulations containing deet in combination with permethrin-impregnated or untreated military uniforms against Aedes taeniorhynchus. No significant difference was determined between repellents in duration of protection whether or not permethrin-treated clothing was worn, but there were differences in efficacy relative to site of application. The head was the site...

The modulation of insect behavior for the purpose of controlling the spread of infectious diseases has been the task of a few insect repellents for which the mechanistic modes of action on odorant receptors (ORs) are unclear. Here, we study the effects of the repellents DEET and IR3535, and a novel OR co-receptor (Orco) agonist on odorant-evoked currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing two subtyp...

Field tests were conducted to compare the effectiveness of 2 repellent formulations of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in combination with permethrin-impregnated military uniforms against Culex sitiens and Aedes vigilax in Thailand. Repellency was determined during a 2 h crepuscular period using volunteers who had been treated with repellents 6, 8, 10, and 12 h prior to the end of each tes...

BACKGROUND One of the best ways to control the malaria disease and to be protected human against Anopheles mosquito biting is the use of repellents. Throughout repellents, herbal ones may be an appropriate and safe source for protection. METHODS Chemical constituents of Achillea vermiculata and Satoreja hortensis were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Efficacy and the ...

Olfaction is a versatile and sensitive mechanism for detecting volatile odorants. We show that the nematode C. elegans detects many volatile chemicals, which can be attractants, repellents, or attractants at low concentrations and repellents at high concentrations. Through laser ablation, we have identified chemosensory neurons that detect volatile odorants. Chemotaxis to volatile odorants requ...

Plasmodium of slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large single celled organism visible unaided by the eye. This slime mould is capable of optimising the shape of its protoplasmic networks in spatial configurations of attractants and repellents. Such adaptive behaviour can be interpreted as computation. When exposed to attractants and repellents, Physarum changes patterns of its electrical ac...