During the last few years the photovoltaic energy market has seen an outstanding growth. According to the new Directive on renewable energies of the European Commission (2009/28/EC), the European Union should reach a 20% share of the total energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. The national overall targets impose for Italy a 17% renewable share: in case of failure the gap would be f...

Base station sites (BSSs) powered with renewable energy sources have gained the attention of cellular operators during the last few years. This is because such “green” BSSs impose significant reductions in the operational expenditures (OPEX) of telecom operators due to the possibility of on-site renewable energy harvesting. In this paper, the green BSSs power supply system parameters detected t...

In recent years, due to the rise in petroleum prices and greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy has been recommended as a power source for different types of facilities. For the period 2010 to 2020 the European Commission has established three key objectives related to climatic change and energy sustainability, such as reductions of CO2 emissions, increases in the use of renewable energy, a...

energy consumption is very high in greenhouses mainly due to off-season production. the main source of its energy supply is fossil fuels. due to the disadvantages of fossil fuels consumption and preventive laws in the incoming years, study on reducing consumption and replacing a part of them with renewable energy is essential. in this research, a solar heating system, equipped with a concentrat...

The renewable energy sources like solar and wind power will be economical in future due to upward pressure in fossil fuel prices, progress in renewable technologies as well as economy scale resulting from large scale production of renewable energy sources. As the usage of renewable energy sources will increase, decentralized supply and demand side management will be used instead of conventional...

With the crisis of energy and environment, integrated systems (IES) have a bright prospect in future reform owing to excellent economic environmental performance. The IES combines large amount renewable (RE), which guarantees its benefits. Many uncertainties RE threaten performance IES. How promote consumption under strong is crucial problem scheduling In this work, two-stage strategy for combi...

Heating, electricity and transportation are the three components of urban systems final energy consumption. Geothermal energy and biomass are two promising renewable energy resources that can be used for the production of heat, electricity and biofuels, thus allowing a reduction of fossil fuel consumption and of the associated greenhouse gas emissions. The goal of this paper is to assess the po...

Buildings play an important role in the energy demand sector. Due to the increase of environmentalconcerns and renewable energy sources restriction, lighting control systems will play an important role in the reductionof energy consumption of the lighting without impeding comfort goals. Lighting control systems can control lightingconsumption according to the type of building, adequate luminanc...

Energy efficiency is a key issue for wireless sensor networks, since sensors nodes can often be powered by non-renewable batteries. In this paper, we examine four MAC protocols in terms of energy consumption, throughput and energy efficiency. A forest fire detection application has been simulated using the well-known ns-2 in order to fully evaluate these protocols.