adequate double blinding,7 and the use of small antipyretic doses that may have biased the results in favour of the alternating regimen.7 In addition, the mean difference in temperature between the alternating and monotherapy groups was clinically insignificant (≤1°C) in two studies.7 8 No significant adverse events were reported. However, objective laboratory screening for liver and renal toxi...

Multifocal osteonecrosis is a rare disease; chronic use of corticosteroids is considered the main risk factor. Patients with chronic renal failure can develop aluminum toxicity, which can lead to osteomalacia and encephalopathy. An association between osteonecrosis and aluminum toxicity has been reported among patients with dialytic renal insufficiency. Occupational exposure to aluminum rarely ...

Abstract Background Cisplatin is a frontline anticancer drug routinely used as part of concurrent chemoradiation administered at 3-weekly (100 mg/m 2 ) dose. However, its role fractionated weekly dose has achieved favorable outcome in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma head and neck (LA-SCCHN) during induction chemotherapy (IC). We therefore sought to compare the toxicity ou...

Lithium toxicity is known to affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system. Lithium levels have been used in the diagnosis of toxicity and in assessing response to management. There is evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) can increase lithium levels and decrease renal lithium clearance. We present a case of lithium toxicity, which demonstrates ...

The staggering cost of bringing a drug to market coupled with the extremely high failure rate of prospective compounds in early phase clinical trials due to unexpected human toxicity makes it imperative that more relevant human models be developed to better predict drug toxicity. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity remains especially difficult to predict in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and i...

rifampin, an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, produceshepatic, renal and bone marrow toxicity in human and animals. in this study, the protectiveeffects of vitamin c and n-acetylcysteine (nac) on the toxicity of rifampin on hepg2 cellswere investigated.human hepatoma cells (hepg2) were cultured in 96-well m of rifampin in the presence ofmicroplate and expose...

Diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphoro thioate), an organo-phosphate insecticide, has been used worldwide in agriculture and domestic for several years, which has led to a variety of negative effects in non target species including humans. However, its nephrotoxic effects and mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated so far. Therefore, the present study w...

Domoic acid (DA), an excitatory amino acid produced by diatoms belonging to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, is a glutamate analog responsible for the neurologic condition referred to as amnesic shellfish poisoning. To date, the renal effects of DA have been underappreciated, although renal filtration is the primary route of systemic elimination and the kidney expresses ionotropic glutamate receptor...

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a toxicant by-product from the chlorination disinfection process for municipal water. The levels would not affect people with normal renal and liver function. However, people with impaired renal or liver function may have an increased susceptibility to DCA toxicity as those are the organs affected by DCA. People (and rodents) with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are pol...