BACKGROUND Doses of volatile anesthetics around 0.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) inhibit learning. However, threshold amnesic doses and relative potencies between agents are not well established. The authors determined amnesic potency in rats for four common volatiles and nitrous oxide. METHODS After institutional review board approval, adult Sprague-Dawley rats received inhibitory av...

Recombinant streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPE-C) is a potent superantigen that stimulates VJ32-bearing human T cells, but is inactive in mice. SPE-C binds with high affinity to both human H L A D R and murine I-E molecules, but not to routine I-A molecules in a zincdependent fashion. Competition binding studies with other recombinant toxins revealed that SPE-C lacks the generic low affini...

BACKGROUND The involvement of the mu-opioid receptor (muOR) system in the control of breathing, anesthetic potency, and morphine- and anesthesia-induced respiratory depression was investigated in mice lacking the muOR. METHODS Experiments were performed in mice lacking exon 2 of the muOR gene (muOR-/-) and their wild-type littermates (muOR+/+). The influence of saline, morphine, naloxone, and...

A reinvestigation of the relationship between the Crick-Harper-Raper (CHR) and the GIH clinical units (CU) of secretin has been undertaken in anaesthetized cats with the knowledge that for some time before 1970 the CHR standard used by The Boots Company to assay secretin had lost some specific activity. One clinical unit of GIH secretin (batch no. 17421) is 3-8 times more potent than 1 Crick-Ha...

For years, methods have been available for the predictive identification of chemicals that possess the intrinsic potential to cause skin sensitization. However, many have proven less suitable for the determination of relative sensitizing potency. In this respect, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been shown to have a number of important advantages. Through interpolation of LLNA dose-respons...

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The effective toxicological evaluation of skin sensitization demands that potential contact allergens are identified and that the likely risks of sensitization among exposed populations assessed. By definition, chemicals which possess the toxicological property of skin sensitization potentially are capable of causing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans. However, this hazard is not an al...

On the isolated bovine iris sphincter strips, the dose-response curves to several cholinomimetic agents were obtained. When compared at EDS0 the relative potency appears as carbamylcholine 1, furtrethonium 1/5, pilocarpine 1/30, methacholine 1/40, acetylthiocholine 1/1500, acetylcholine 1/4800, and butyrylthiocholine 1/1400. The drugs which are substrate for acetylcholinesterase produce fat dos...

Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2023, 67, 202200293 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200293 Pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide (PANO), a common plant-based food protoxin, can be reduced to pyrrolizidine (PA) by liver S9 and gut microbiota, causing toxicity carcinogenicity. In article number 2200293, Frances Widjaja co-workers used new approach methodologies predict the relative potency (REP) of PANO PA in both rats human...

BACKGROUND Skin tests for specific diagnosis of allergies require high quality extracts, which can be measured by the determination of allergenic potency, utilizing different concentrations of extracts from a manufacturer. OBJETIVE To compare allergenic mite extracts manufactured by laboratories in Spain, Argentina, and Cuba by skin prick test response. METHODS A cutaneous puncture was perf...