BACKGROUND Our understanding of gut microbiota has been limited primarily to findings from human and laboratory animals, but what shapes the gut microbiota in nature remains largely unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive study of gut microbiota of a well-studied North American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) population. Red squirrels are territorial, solitary, and live i...

Seasonal changes in feeding habits of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) were studied monthly 2019 the upper Meghna estuary, Bangladesh, through gut content analyses. Tychoplanktonic diatoms followed by copepods abundant all months and size groups hilsa. The inverse relationship between niche breadth relative length revealed consume a variety food at their early stages while habit towards during adult st...

Chemosensors throughout small bowel and colon inhibit food intakes when contacted by monomeric nutrients. We postulated that calorie-dependent inhibition of food intakes depended on additions of feedbacks from sensors in proximal and distal bowel contacted after high intakes of nutrients. Therefore, we determined how feedback from sensors in proximal gut interacted with feedback from simultaneo...

The highly compartmentalized gut of soil-feeding termites is characterized by pronounced axial dynamics in physicochemical conditions and microbial processes. In a companion paper (D. Schmitt-Wagner, M. W. Friedrich, B. Wagner, and A. Brune, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6007-6017, 2003), we demonstrated that the variety of physicochemical conditions in the different gut compartments of Cubiterm...

Effective digestion requires propagation of food along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. This process involves coordinated waves of peristalsis produced by enteric neural cell types, including different categories of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Impaired food transport along the gastrointestinal tract, either too fast or too slow, causes a range of gut motility disorders th...

bacteria play an important role in the initiation and progression of diseases (not only in disease but affect health status of individual). populations of digestive microflora in chicken gut change with age and also affected by diet, stressors, and performance enhancers as well as in disease conditions. the aim of the pre-sent study was to know bacterial makeup in chicken gut, using denaturing ...

The aim of this experiment was to find out whether or not, at early stages of development, progenitors of the various types of gut endocrine cells are localized to one or more specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Transverse strips of blastoderm two to four somites in length were excised between the levels of somites 5 and 27 in chick embryos at 5- to 24-somite stages and were culture...

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is associated with several of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes and affects host physiology through distinct mechanisms. The microbiota produces a vast array of metabolites that signal to host cells in the intestine as well as in more distal organs. SCOPE OF REVIEW Enteroendocrine cells acts as 'chemo sensors' of the intestinal milieu by e...

We will show that it is possible to obtain the observed value for the fourdimensional cosmological constant Λ4 by an exponential suppression of an initially Planck-sized constant. It is a surprising feature that the suppression-length corresponds to the GUT-scale. To make the relationship explicit, we consider a set-up consisting of two positive tension domain-walls, separated by a distance cor...

The goal of this study was to compare the effects Bacillus subtilis and antibiotic enrofloxacin on growth performance, immune response, intestinal histomorphometry cecal Salmonella numbers in broilers challenged with S. gallinarum. Salmonella-free chicks (n = 240) were allocated four groups, comprising six replicates 10) each. Group NN not infected received no treatment. SN SE treated enrofloxa...