Tubes constructed of different materials were used to examine the role of hydrodynamics and surface characteristics, as measured by contact angles, on larval attachment of marine polychaetes, bryozoans and barnacles. Tubes (10 mm inner diameter) of 7 different materials, ranging in contact angle from 25° to 113°, were used. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted using a range of flow r...

We show that the photoluminescence intensity of single-walled carbon nanotubes is much stronger in tubes with large chiral angles--armchair tubes--because exciton resonances make the luminescence of zigzag tubes intrinsically weak. This exciton-exciton resonance depends on the electronic structure of the tubes and is found more often in nanotubes of the +1 family. Armchair tubes do not necessar...

We report a new type of carbon material-porous colossal carbon tubes. Compared with carbon nanotubes, colossal carbon tubes have a much bigger size, with a diameter of between 40 and 100 mum and a length in the range of centimeters. Significantly, the walls of the colossal tubes are composed of macroscopic rectangular columnar pores and exhibit an ultralow density comparable to that of carbon n...

medium were placed in culture tubes (16 by 150 mm). A layer of mineral oil 1 cm deep was placed on the surface of the medium, and the tubes were stoppered with cotton plugs. The tubes were then placed in an autoclave and heated for 15 min at 15 lb per in.2 During autoclaving, the culture tubes were tilted at a 200 angle to increase the exposed surface area; this reduced the problem of the mediu...

Tracheostomy tubes are used to administer positive-pressure ventilation, to provide a patent airway, to provide protection from aspiration, and to provide access to the lower respiratory tract for airway clearance. They are available in a variety of sizes and styles, from several manufacturers. The dimensions of tracheostomy tubes are given by their inner diameter, outer diameter, length, and c...

Graph theory has many real-world applications and is rich in theoretical results, especially for studying interconnection among elements in natural and man-made systems. In recent studies of complex control system, directed graph was introduced to define and interpret the interconnection structure underlying the dynamics of the interacting subsystems. Similarly, Fuzzy State Space Model (FSSM) w...

duced. Mr. Walsham, he remembered, used ordinary rubber drainagetubes passed through the nose after septum operations. The tubes were perforated. The perforating was an advantage. Sir WILLIAM MILLIGAN agreed that they were excellent tubes, but it raised the question whether tubes were desirable at all. Mr. W. STUAET-LOW thought this question would make an excellent subject for a set discussion....

BACKGROUND: For whole blood aggregation on the Multiplate® system, the use of thrombin inhibitor as anticoagulant is recommended. So far sample tubes containing liquid lepirudin were provided (Dynabyte, Munich, Germany). They are not sterile and have to be stored refrigerated. For better handling now also sterile tubes with dried hirudin, storable at room temperature, are also provided (Dynabyt...

AIMS To determine the suitability of primary gel separation tubes for the storage of frozen sera intended for serological testing. METHODS Blood samples from 102 patients were collected into gel separation tubes. The sera from these samples were split between the primary gel separation tubes and conventional plastic storage tubes and frozen. A year later, the tubes were thawed and anti-rubell...

Counts were made of the numbers of spermatozoa in the Fallopian tubes of ewes 24 hr after mating or after insemination with either sheep or goat semen. Spermatozoa were recovered from all five mated ewes (10/10 tubes), from all eight ewes inseminated with sheep semen (13/15 tubes) and from four of eight ewes inseminated with goat semen (7/16 tubes). The calculated mean numbers of spermatozoa pe...