Gravity models have been extensively used to evaluate the trade effects of regional trading arrangements, (RTAs), especially over the last 10 years or so. Questions addressed by researchers include, is there a regional bias to trade and are there identifiable trade affects attributable to RTAs? This paper reviews the evidence extant from this literature and evaluates the modelling and methodolo...

This paper introduces YAK – a scalable contentbased publish-subscribe system. YAK employs XML documents and expressive XPath queries as the publication and subscription model. To achieve high scalability, it combines the advantages of content routing in existing publish-subscribe systems and the efficient query indexing technique in the context of XML filtering. The filtering and routing strate...

iii Executive summary 1 Chapter 1 Resetting the rules of engagement: trends and issues in military–humanitarian relations 5 Victoria Wheeler and Adele Harmer, HPG 1.1 The history and changing nature of military engagement in crisis response 6 1.1.1 The increased military presence in policy and operational theatres of humanitarian interest 7 1.1.2 Organisational and doctrinal changes at national...

Purpose: The world at large in the last three to four decades has shown greater impetus for regionalism, from Europe’s EU, South America’s MERCOSUR, Southeast Asia’s ASEAN, North NAFTA and Africa’s numerous RECs among which eight are recognized as building blocks now AfCFTA others. While other parts of world, driving force regionalism may be different, Africa, Pan Africanism African Renaissance...