BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose induces massive hepatocyte necrosis. Necrotic tissue releases high mobility group B1 (HMGB1), and HMGB1 contributes to liver injury. Even though blockade of HMGB1 does not protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) at 9 h time point, the later time points are not studied and the role of HMGB1 in APAP overdose is unknown, it is possible that ne...

Peripheral nerve interactions and regenerative phenomena were studied in newt forelimbs fused end to end. After simple fusion, one or two spikelike structures regenerated at the plane of fusion in 88% of the cases. When one of the limbs was denervated at the time of fusion, no regeneration occurred from the plane of fusion. If the limbs were fused and one was amputated at the shoulder more than...

Mammalian skeletal muscles are capable of regeneration after injury. Quiescent satellite cells are activated to reenter the cell cycle and to differentiate for repair, recapitulating features of myogenesis during embryonic development. To understand better the molecular mechanism involved in this process in vivo, we employed high density cDNA microarrays for gene expression profiling in mouse t...

In the last few years, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) sponsored several research projects on a Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) whose design, operation, and logistics requirements are intended to be much simpler than for the Space Shuttle. As part of these efforts, the previous researchers developed a discrete-event simulation model, called Maintenance, Integration, and Launch Pad Operat...

Severed axons regenerate more rapidly if they have been injured by a suitably timed earlier axotomy (reviewed in ref. 6). This beneficial 'conditioning lesion effect '17 has been found in mammalian sensory 17 and motor 12 axons, and in the goldfish optic nerve 15. In most studies, conditioning lesions have preceded the testing lesion by 2 weeks ~,8,12,13,15-17,21. However, in one study using a ...

Background: Worldwidely cultivated, melon is commercially an important fruit crop, as it is in Iran. Objectives: Establishment of an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system plays a pivotal role in the plant transformation, hence, the importance of regeneration protocol for Iranian melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Gorgab) has encouraged us to work on in vitro melon regeneration. Material and Me...

We sought to determine the mechanisms underlying failure of muscle regeneration that is observed in dystrophic muscle through hypothesis generation using muscle profiling data (human dystrophy and murine regeneration). We found that transforming growth factor β-centered networks strongly associated with pathological fibrosis and failed regeneration were also induced during normal regeneration b...

Hepatocytes in adults are in a nonproliferative state but they have high capacity to regenerate within few hours after an injury. After partial hepatectomy or chemical injury, hepatocytes undergo a synchronized multistep process consisting of priming/initiation, proliferation, and termination. These distinct steps are essential for restoring the structure and functions of liver. The mechanisms ...

In this report we describe a methodology for rapid sugarcane shoot regeneration using meristematic tissue from in vitro-grown plantlets. Shoot regeneration from previously induced meristematic tissue, in the presence of up to 22.62 μM of 2,4-D was evaluated. The explants were transferred, after a week induction, to a propagation medium supplemented with activated charcoal and then transferred t...