Abstract Conventional soundings are rather limited over the western North Pacific and can be largely compensated by GNSS radio occultation (RO) data. We utilize GSI hybrid assimilation system to assimilate RO data multi-resolution global model (MPAS) investigate impact on prediction of Typhoon Nepartak that passed southern Taiwan in 2016. In this study, performances with local refractivity bend...

The Formosa Satellite-7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (Satellite-7/COSMIC-2), which was successfully launched on 25 June 2019, provides dense radio occultation (RO) observations over the tropics subtropics. This study examines RO-observed lowest altitude its possible relationship to refractivity gradients planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights. COSMIC...

Abstract Water vapour is a highly variable constituent of the troposphere; thus, its high-resolution measurements are great importance to weather prediction systems. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operationally used in estimation tropospheric state and assimilation results into models. One GNSS techniques troposphere sensing tomography which provides 3-D fields wet refractivity....

Among other atmospheric regions, ionosphere, which is ionized region of the atmosphere, is considered to impose serious limitations on satellite communication while the effect of other layers, more especially, the troposphere is often treated as negligible. At higher frequencies, radio waves pass through the ionosphere and are attenuated due to the free electrons present in ionosphere. However,...

The turbulence refractivity structure constant (Cn) is an important parameter of the atmosphere. VHF radars have been used extensively for the measurements of Cn. Presently, most of such observations are from mid and high latitudes and only very limited observations are available for equatorial and tropical latitudes. Indian MST radar is an excellent tool for making high-resolution measurements...

The phenomenon of ducting is caused by abnormal atmospheric refractivity patterns, and is known to allow electromagnetic (EM) waves to propagate over the horizon with unusually low propagation loss. It is unknown what effect ducting has on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels, particularly its effect on multipath propagation in MIMO channels. A high accuracy angle-of-arrival (AoA) and...

Immunomodulation is the process of alteration in immune response due to foreign intrusion of molecules inside the body. Along with the available drugs, a large number of herbal drugs are promoted in traditional Indian treatments, for their immunomodulating activity. Natural coumarinolignoids isolated from the seeds of Cleome viscose have been recognized as having hepatoprotective action and hav...

[1] A new type of radio occultation (RO) data, recorded in open-loop (OL) mode from the SAC-C satellite, has been tested for monitoring refractivity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). Previously available RO signals, recorded in phase-locked loop mode were often unusable for sensing the lower troposphere (LT) or resulted in significant inversion errors, especially in the tropics. The OL R...

GPS radio occultation events observed between 24 July and 17 November 2008 by the IGOR occultation receiver aboard the TerraSAR-X satellite are processed and analyzed. The comparison of 15 327 refractivity profiles with collocated ECMWF data yield a mean bias between zero and −0.30 % at altitudes between 5 and 30 km. Standard deviations decrease from about 1.4 % at 5 km to about 0.6 % at 10 km ...